{"id":11963,"date":"2022-04-21T12:15:07","date_gmt":"2022-04-21T16:15:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/resources\/constitutional-chaos-the-shadow-campaigns-aiming-to-unravel-our-freedom\/"},"modified":"2024-06-13T15:35:16","modified_gmt":"2024-06-13T19:35:16","slug":"kaguluhan-sa-konstitusyon-ang-mga-kampanyang-anino-na-naglalayong-lutasin-ang-ating-kalayaan","status":"publish","type":"resource","link":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/tl\/resources\/constitutional-chaos-the-shadow-campaigns-aiming-to-unravel-our-freedom\/","title":{"rendered":"Constitutional Chaos Ang Shadow Campaigns na Naglalayong Ilahad ang Ating Kalayaan"},"template":"","class_list":["post-11963","resource","type-resource","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","resource_type-report"],"acf":{"details":{"summary":"This report exposes the dangerous efforts by secretive, well-funded special interest groups to push state legislatures around the nation to call for a constitutional convention through a little-known provision in Article V of the U.S. Constitution.","featured_image":19950,"resource_type":150,"authors":"","related_issues":[148,2051],"related_work":false,"location":46},"sidebar":{"helper_enable_sidebar":true,"helper_media_contact":{"heading":"Media Contact","manually_enter_person":false,"person":"","name":"","role":"","phone":"","email":""},"helper_links_downloads":{"heading":"Links & Downloads","links":[{"file_download":true,"link":null,"file":2667}]}},"page_layout":[{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"

Executive Summary<\/h2>\r\nThis report is an update to the 2016 Common Cause report The Dangerous Path: Big Money\u2019s Plan to Shred the Constitution, examining the dangerous efforts by secretive, well-funded special interest groups to push state legislatures around the nation to call for a constitutional convention through a little-known provision in Article V of the U.S. Constitution.\r\n\r\nThe effort to convene a constitutional convention is backed by wealthy special interests, organizations, and individuals that span the ideological spectrum. This includes right-of- center supporters of new limits on federal power, such as a balanced budget constitutional amendment, as well as backers on the left who support a constitutional amendment to overturn the Supreme Court\u2019s decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (FEC), a ruling that reversed decades\u00a0of well-settled law limiting corporate political spending.\r\n\r\nA federal constitutional convention\u00a0was last held in 1787 when the Constitution itself was drafted. Since\u00a0then, the U.S. Constitution has been\u00a0amended 27 times through the first\u00a0of two processes described in Article\u00a0V: Congress by two-thirds majorities\u00a0of both the House and Senate passes the amendment, which must then\u00a0be approved (i.e., ratified) by three\u00a0fourths of the state legislatures. The\u00a0second, never used path to amend\u00a0the Constitution laid out in Article V\u00a0is for two-thirds of the state legislatures (34) to pass resolutions applying for a new constitutional convention to propose amendments and then send those amendments to the states for ratification (i.e., an Article V convention).\r\n\r\nThere are too many unanswered questions regarding an Article V convention to risk a free- for-all rewrite of our Constitution. Could a convention be limited to one issue? What rules, if any, would be in place to govern a convention? What role would outside special interest groups have in influencing a convention\u2019s agenda? Who would choose delegates to send to the convention? What would happen in the case of legal disputes about the convention? What role would the courts play? How would votes be delegated by state, and would the American people really be equally represented?\r\n\r\nSimply put, there are no guardrails in place to ensure an orderly course for an Article V convention. Any Article V convention, regardless of the stated purpose going in, runs the risk of becoming a runaway convention. There is no saying what could happen to any of our rights or what could be traded in an exchange between special interests\u2014who will most definitely have their hands in the process. There is no predicting what could happen and far too many open-ended questions for this to be a good idea.\r\n
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\r\n\r\nFor all these reasons, Common Cause co-leads the national Defend Our Constitution coalition, which seeks to stop an Article V convention from being called in order to protect all Americans\u2019 constitutional rights and civil liberties that would be threatened by such a convention. Holding such a convention runs the very high risk of being taken over by highly polarized politicians and wealthy special interests seeking to cripple federal powers and roll back our rights. At a time when disinformation is running rampant and deliberately being disseminated through various channels, a constitutional convention could be absolutely devastating to our rights and liberties.\r\n\r\nThis report aims to examine the pro-convention campaigns and who is behind them, and to shed light on the immense dangers of what would happen should these efforts succeed. It will also make the case that a convention could easily exceed any narrow mandate\u2014e.g., a balanced budget amendment (BBA)\u2014and instead undertake a wholesale and highly divisive rewrite of our nation\u2019s charter.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_pull_quote","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_pull_quote":{"quote":"[T]here is no way to effectively limit or muzzle the actions of a Constitutional Convention. The Convention could make its own rules and set its own agenda. Congress might try to limit the convention to one amendment or one issue, but there is no way to assure that the Convention would obey.","attribution":"Warren Burger, Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1969\u20131986)"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"

The Threat of an Article V Convention<\/h2>\r\nThe Constitution, as amended, is America\u2019s cornerstone and has long been a model for democratic governance around the world.\r\n\r\nHowever, it is not perfect. The Constitution, as originally ratified, did not prohibit slavery or denial of voting rights on the basis of race or sex\/gender. Slavery was outlawed by the 13th Amendment, and broad voting rights were guaranteed by the 15th and 19th Amendments. Only through the first 10 amendments\u2014the Bill of Rights\u2014does the Constitution protect freedoms of speech, religion, and press; the right to bear arms; the right to a quick and public trial when accused of a crime; and freedom from unreasonable search and seizure of our homes and property.\r\n\r\nTo date, the Constitution has been amended 27 times. The Constitution\u2019s built-in process for revision is among its greatest features. The nation\u2019s charter would not have lasted so long had we not been able to adapt it to changing times and conditions. But while the founders recognized the Constitution would have to change, they wanted it to endure; they devised mechanisms to ensure that any amendments would require careful deliberation and broad support.]\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_19951\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"950\"]\"\" Current campaigns for a Constitutional convention[\/caption]\r\n\r\nAll of the 27 amendments to date have been enacted through the first process set forth in Article V: passage of the amendment by two-thirds majorities of both the U.S. House and Senate, followed by approval (i.e., ratification) by three-fourths of the state legislatures (presently 38 states).\r\n\r\nHowever, Article V sets out another amendment process\u2014one that has never been used. Congress is required to convene a constitutional convention any time two-thirds of the state legislatures petition for a gathering. Governors, who typically wield veto power over legislatures, are not part of this process."}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_pull_quote","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_pull_quote":{"quote":"Questions about such a convention have been debated for years by legal scholars and political commentators, without resolution. Who would serve as delegates? What authority would they be given? Who would establish the procedures under which the convention would be governed? What limits would prevent \u201crunaway\u201d convention from proposing radical changes affecting basic liberties? \u2026 With these thorny issues unsettled, it should come as no surprise that warning flags are being raised about a constitutional convention.","attribution":"Archibald Cox, Solicitor General of the United States (1961\u20131965) and Special Prosecutor for the U.S. Department of Justice (1973)"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"Theoretically, any amendment produced by the convention would have to be ratified by three-fourths of the states. Some legal scholars argue the ratification process could itself be changed in a new convention, much like it was in the 1787 convention.\r\n\r\nUncertainties about the Article V process run deep and cut across party and ideological lines. The unanswered questions about a convention have led to debate among legal scholars. Among the questions are the following:\r\n\r\n\u2022 What if the state petitions are not identical? Would Congress still have to act?\r\n\r\n\u2022 What if Congress was deadlocked and failed to act on those petitions; could a court step in and order the convention convened?\r\n\r\n\u2022 If Congress acted, how would the convention work?\r\n\r\n\u2022 Who would choose the delegates and decide how many each state could send?\r\n\r\n\u2022 Would the convention\u2019s work be limited to one subject\u2014like the balanced budget plan or campaign finance reform\u2014or might delegates undertake a wholesale rewrite of the national charter?\r\n\r\n\u2022 And if the convention agreed on one or more amendments, would Congress be required to forward them to the states for ratification?\r\n\r\nThere are dozens of such questions and multiple possible answers to each of them. Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, a conservative icon, once told the Federalist Society that a convention is a \u201chorrible idea,\u201d arguing, \u201cThis is not a good century to write a constitution.\""}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"

Countdown sa isang Convention<\/h2>\r\nCurrently, the campaign closest to meeting the 34-state threshold for an Article V constitutional convention is the BBA campaign. However, there are over 30 organizations working to call a convention. Some of these campaigns are better bankrolled than others or have leaders with larger public profiles, therefore providing a more significant platform to make their case for an Article V constitutional convention. While each campaign has a different agenda, they have one goal in common: opening the Constitution up to revision in a forum that risks being hijacked by powerful partisan, ideological, and wealthy special interests in ways that threaten and could roll back hard-won rights.\r\n\r\nConsidering those risks, state legislatures can rescind past applications for a constitutional convention. This has been one of the main focuses of Common Cause and coalition allies for the past few years, and at least five states have already changed their minds about the wisdom of the dangerous convention path.\r\n\r\nWe will explain the various players who are trying to rewrite our Constitution through a dangerous convention. The biggest two campaigns that continue to have resolutions introduced in states across the country year after year are the BBA and the COS. And as you will see in the following sections, some of these campaigns are now defunct, or see little movement in states, while others are well-funded with active campaigns."}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"

Ang Fuzzy Math ng isang Article V Convention<\/h2>\r\nKahit na may malaking kalamangan sa konserbatibong kontrol ng mga lehislatura ng estado sa buong bansa, nahirapan ang mga pagsisikap ng BBA at COS na manalo sa mga resolusyon ng estado na kailangan para makarating sa 34-estado na threshold. Sa pagtaas ng pagkabigo, sinusubukan ng mga pinuno ng kilusang pro-convention na i-mainstream ang isang fringe legal na teorya na iniharap ni Rob Natelson noong 2018. Ang teoryang ito ay nagpapahintulot sa plenary (o generic) na mga tawag para sa isang convention na isama sa mga kasalukuyang COS at BBA convention calls ."}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_pull_quote","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_pull_quote":{"quote":"\u201cDanger lies ahead. Setting aside the long odds, if California and 33 more states invoke Article V, there\u2019s a risk that we\u2019d end up with a \u2018runaway\u2019 convention, during which delegates would propose amendments on issues including abortion, gun rights, and immigration.\u201d","attribution":"- Rick Hasen, Chancellor\u2019s Professor of Law and Political Science at the University of California, Irvine"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"These generic calls for a convention are often not so generic and were passed decades or even centuries ago. New York, Illinois, Washington, and Oregon have applications on their records that are referred to as \u201cplenary\u201d applications. Upon review, these applications are not generic but call for conventions on issues that are no longer relevant\u2014i.e., popular election of senators or opposition to the Civil War.\r\n\r\nFor example, New York\u2019s application for a convention dates back to 1789 and asks the Senate of that time for a bill of rights to be added to the newly minted Constitution. Although Framer\u2019s eventually added one, this application has not yet been rescinded and has been disingenuously counted in the opposition\u2019s list of states toward the 34-state threshold needed."}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"

Malawak na Oposisyon sa isang Article V Convention<\/h2>"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"Because of the threat of a runaway convention and the lack of rules to protect Americans\u2019 constitutional rights, more than 240 public interest, civil rights, government reform, labor, environmental, immigration, and constitutional rights organizations released a statement in April 2017 (signers were updated in March 2019) opposing calls for an Article V constitutional convention. Signers of this letter include AFSCME, Campaign Legal Center, Democracy 21, Economic Policy Institute, NAACP, National Disability Rights Network, Sierra Club, National Education Association, SEIU, Greenpeace, the National Women\u2019s Law Center, and Brennan Center for Justice.\r\n\r\nThe letter to state legislatures everywhere begins with the organizations\u2019 concerns:\r\n\r\n\"Plans to convene a new constitutional convention under Article V of the U.S. Constitution are a threat to every American\u2019s constitutional rights and civil liberties. Article V convention proponents and wealthy special interest groups are dangerously close to forcing the calling of a constitutional convention to enact a federal balanced budget amendment (BBA). This would be the first constitutional convention since the original convention in 1787\u2014all constitutional amendments since then have been passed first by Congress and then approved by three-fourths of the state legislatures. There are no rules and guidelines in the U.S. Constitution on how a convention would work, which creates an opportunity for a runaway convention that could rewrite any constitutional right or protection currently available to American citizens.\"\r\n\r\nAs further stated in the letter, the organizations \u201cstrongly urge state legislatures to oppose efforts to pass a resolution to call for a constitutional convention\u201d and \u201curge state legislatures to rescind any applications for an Article V constitutional convention in order to protect all Americans\u2019 constitutional rights and privileges from being put at risk and up for grabs.\u201d\r\n\r\nThese are powerful organizational allies who work at the state and national levels to sound the alarm about the dangers of an Article V convention. Common Cause works with these champions of democracy every day to protect our country and our Constitution."}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"

Paano Gumagana ang Karaniwang Dahilan upang Ihinto ang isang Convention<\/h2>"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"Pagboto<\/strong>\r\n\r\nCommon Cause and our coalition allies worked with J. Wallin Opinion Research to survey voters in a national poll. The sample is stratified, meaning that the demographic composition of our results matches the demographic composition of the region and turnout model that was surveyed.\r\n\r\nPolling revealed a majority (59.2%) of Republican voters oppose changing the U.S. Constitution by calling an Article V constitutional convention. Furthermore, evidence in the poll shows the reluctance of Republican voters to take drastic steps to alter this foundational document. Protecting and preserving the rights guaranteed by the Constitution is one of the top three priorities for Republican voters, who view this issue as being significantly more important than traditional conservative totems such as reducing taxes and government finances.\r\n\r\nKey takeaways from this polling research include the following:\r\n\r\n\u2022 Of GOP voters, 70.2% become less likely to support a convention when they learn it could change the rights to free speech, bear arms, freedom of religion, and even our right to vote. Overall, 60.2% of voters become less likely to support a convention after learning this.\r\n\r\n\u2022 Of Republicans, 70% become less likely to support a convention knowing that the Constitution is one of the most important documents in the world\u2014but some supporters of a convention have openly said they want to use the convention to put every part of the document up for discussion.\r\n\r\n\u2022 Of GOP voters, 65% become less likely to support a convention when they learn that many conservative organizations oppose a convention.54\r\n\r\n\u2022 Of Republicans, 56.7% feel that calling an Article V constitutional convention is counterproductive toward the goal of protecting American interests and ensuring the safety of our nation.\r\n\r\nThis opinion research also found that our opposition messaging introduces a high level of uncertainty into the framework of those working to promote the constitutional convention and makes voters unsure if these groups would be able to control a convention if it were called.\r\n\r\nSa Ground sa States <\/strong>\r\n\r\nKasama ng aming matagumpay na pagbawi na inilarawan sa mga sumusunod na seksyon, ang Common Cause at ang aming mga kaalyado sa kanan at kaliwa ay nagagawang pigilan ang 135-150 aktibong aplikasyon na maipasa bawat taon sa mga lehislatura ng estado sa buong bansa. Sa ilang estado, tahasan na tinanggihan ng mga mambabatas mula sa magkabilang partido ang mga aplikasyong ito. Sa iilan lamang sa daan-daang pumasa sa nakalipas na limang taon, malinaw na nagkaroon ng epekto ang aming kampanya sa pampublikong edukasyon sa mga Republikano at Demokratikong mambabatas sa buong bansa.\r\n\r\nColorado <\/em>\r\n\r\nNoong Abril 21, 2022, pagkatapos ng tatlong taong kampanya, binawi ng Colorado ang lahat ng nakaraang tawag para sa isang kombensiyon. Lumipas ang Bahay HJR21-1006<\/a> nang nagkakaisa sa pamamagitan ng boses na boto, at ipinasa ng Senado ang pagbawi na may malakas na suporta ng dalawang partido 29\u20133. Ito ang nag-iisang pinakamahalagang kaganapan sa pambatasan upang maiwasan ang isang kombensiyon ng Artikulo V sa huling apat na taon.\r\n\r\nNew Hampshire <\/em>\r\n\r\nSa unang bahagi ng 2020 legislative session, ipinakilala ang New Hampshire HCR 9<\/a>, na isang mahalagang hakbang sa pagbabalik sa mga pagsisikap ni Scott Walker at ng iba pang mga pangunahing tauhan na sumusuporta sa isang kombensiyon na posibleng ipagsapalaran ang mga karapatan at kalayaang ipinagkaloob ng konstitusyon na ibinabahagi at tinatamasa ng mga Amerikano. Ang resolusyong ito ay magpapawalang-bisa sa lahat ng mga tawag sa New Hampshire na nakatala para sa isang constitutional convention. Gayunpaman, dahil ang batas ay dapat dinggin sa sahig ng Kamara, ipinasara ng pandemya ang lahat ng aksyong pambatas sa mga isyu na itinuturing na hindi mahalaga para sa pandemya na lunas. Sa paglipat ng kapangyarihan mula Democrat patungong Republican at pagkawala ng ilan sa aming mga pambatasang kampeon sa New Hampshire noong 2020, ang aming mga pagsisikap noong 2021 ay napigilan.\r\n\r\nNew Jersey <\/em>\r\n\r\nBinawi ng New Jersey ang lahat ng naunang tawag para sa isang kombensiyon noong Disyembre 2021 sa pamamagitan ng pagpasa ng SCR 161<\/a>. Ang Senado ay nagpawalang-bisa sa boto na 24\u201310, at ang boto ng Asembleya ay 44\u201321 pabor sa pagbawi. Ang mga kampeon sa Senado at Asembleya, ang Pangulo ng Senado na si Steve Sweeney at ang Assemblyman na si Nicholas Chiaravalloti, ay magkatuwang na naglathala ng isang op-ed na binabanggit ito bilang isang kritikal na tagumpay para sa pangangalaga ng ating demokrasya.\r\n\r\nIllinois<\/em>\r\n\r\nNoong Abril 2022, binawi ng Illinois ang lahat ng nakaraang panawagan para sa isang kombensiyon. Ang SJR 54 ay pumasa sa Illinois Senate 41-15, at pagkaraan ng linggong iyon, ang Illinois House ay pumasa sa 66-42. Ang aming mga Sponsor ng Senado ay sina Senador Don Harmon, Mattie Hunter, Patricia Van Pelt, at Adriane Johnson, at ang mga Sponsor ng Kamara ay sina Representative Kambium Buckner at Mary E. Flowers."}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"

Konklusyon<\/h2>"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"As Warren Burger (chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1969\u20131986) said, \u201cThere is no way to effectively limit or muzzle the actions of a Constitutional Convention. The Convention could make its own rules and set its own agenda. Congress might try to limit the convention to one amendment or one issue, but there is no way to assure that the Convention would obey.\u201d\r\n\r\nAn Article V convention is still a very real and credible threat to our democracy, made even more complex by the pandemic and the added secrecy of legislatures because of remote hearings and closed sessions. With multiple campaigns working with state leaders and legislatures to pass these resolutions with the help of deep-pocketed secret donors, the fight from these actors is far from over.\r\n\r\nAs we look at the 2022 legislative sessions and beyond, it is imperative that the public and the leaders who serve them understand the immense risks an Article V convention brings to the Constitution and the republic it was founded on."}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_add_component","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_add_component":null},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_work","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_work":{"heading":"Work","manually_curate":false,"work":null}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_resources","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_resources":{"heading":"Related Resources","button_text":"See all Related Resources","manually_curate":false,"resource":null}}]},"yoast_head":"\nConstitutional Chaos The Shadow Campaigns Aiming to Unravel Our Freedom - Common Cause<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/tl\/mapagkukunan-2\/kaguluhan-sa-konstitusyon-ang-mga-kampanyang-anino-na-naglalayong-lutasin-ang-ating-kalayaan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Constitutional Chaos The Shadow Campaigns Aiming to Unravel Our Freedom\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/tl\/mapagkukunan-2\/kaguluhan-sa-konstitusyon-ang-mga-kampanyang-anino-na-naglalayong-lutasin-ang-ating-kalayaan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Common Cause\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CommonCause\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-06-13T19:35:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ArticleV_Main1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1680\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1120\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CommonCause\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/resources\/constitutional-chaos-the-shadow-campaigns-aiming-to-unravel-our-freedom\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/resources\/constitutional-chaos-the-shadow-campaigns-aiming-to-unravel-our-freedom\/\",\"name\":\"Constitutional Chaos The Shadow Campaigns Aiming to Unravel Our Freedom - 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