{"id":357,"date":"2023-06-28T17:02:15","date_gmt":"2023-06-28T17:02:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/ohio\/articles\/why-it-matters-in-ohio-us-supreme-court-rejects-independent-state-legislature-theory\/"},"modified":"2023-06-28T17:02:15","modified_gmt":"2023-06-28T17:02:15","slug":"why-it-matters-in-ohio-us-supreme-court-rejects-independent-state-legislature-theory","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/ohio\/fr\/articles\/pourquoi-cest-important-dans-lohio-la-cour-supreme-des-etats-unis-rejette-la-theorie-de-lindependance-de-la-legislature-de-letat\/","title":{"rendered":"Pourquoi cela est important dans l\u2019Ohio \u2013 La Cour supr\u00eame des \u00c9tats-Unis rejette la th\u00e9orie de l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de la l\u00e9gislature de l\u2019\u00c9tat"},"template":"","class_list":["post-357","article","type-article","status-publish","hentry","article_type-blog-post"],"acf":{"details":{"summary":"","featured_image":null,"article_type":153,"authors":null,"related_issues":[62,420],"related_work":[112],"location":null},"sidebar":{"helper_enable_sidebar":false,"helper_media_contact":{"heading":"Media Contact","manually_enter_person":false,"person":null,"name":"","role":"","phone":"","email":""},"helper_links_downloads":{"heading":"Links & Downloads","links":null}},"page_layout":[{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":null,"component_wysiwyg":{"content":"Le mardi 28 juin, la Cour supr\u00eame des \u00c9tats-Unis a rendu sa d\u00e9cision sur <\/span>Moore c. Harper<\/span><\/i><\/a>, <\/span><\/i>l'affaire du red\u00e9coupage des circonscriptions de Caroline du Nord. La Cour <\/span>(six \u00e0 trois<\/span><\/i>) a rejet\u00e9 la th\u00e9orie selon laquelle le tribunal d\u2019\u00c9tat n\u2019avait pas le droit de freiner le d\u00e9coupage \u00e9lectoral.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nDeux l\u00e9gislateurs de l'\u00c9tat de Caroline du Nord ont fait valoir que la Cour supr\u00eame de Caroline du Nord n'avait pas le droit d'interf\u00e9rer dans leur cartographie. Leur argument juridique \u00e9tait bas\u00e9 sur une notion marginale : la soi-disant<\/span> Th\u00e9orie de la l\u00e9gislature d'un \u00c9tat ind\u00e9pendant<\/b>Ceux qui soutiennent cette th\u00e9orie affirment que la clause \u00e9lectorale de la Constitution am\u00e9ricaine donne aux l\u00e9gislatures des \u00c9tats l'autorit\u00e9 exclusive sur les \u00e9lections f\u00e9d\u00e9rales dans leur \u00c9tat et interdit aux tribunaux d'interf\u00e9rer dans leurs d\u00e9cisions.<\/span>\r\n\r\nLa Cour supr\u00eame des \u00c9tats-Unis a rejet\u00e9 la th\u00e9orie de l'ind\u00e9pendance des l\u00e9gislatures d'\u00c9tat et a d\u00e9termin\u00e9 que la clause \u00e9lectorale de la Constitution am\u00e9ricaine \u00ab<\/b>ne soustrait pas les l\u00e9gislatures des \u00c9tats \u00e0 l'exercice ordinaire du contr\u00f4le judiciaire \u00e9tatique.<\/i><\/b>\r\n\r\nLa Cour a confirm\u00e9 l'autorit\u00e9 de la Cour supr\u00eame de Caroline du Nord pour statuer sur la constitutionnalit\u00e9 de la carte \u00e9lectorale du Congr\u00e8s de l'\u00c9tat. La Cour supr\u00eame s'est toutefois r\u00e9serv\u00e9e un r\u00f4le de surveillance pour garantir que les tribunaux d'\u00c9tat ne \u00ab transgressent pas les limites ordinaires du contr\u00f4le juridictionnel \u00bb.<\/span>\r\n\r\nIl s\u2019agit d\u2019une grande victoire pour la d\u00e9mocratie ! Les tribunaux d\u2019\u00c9tat ont le pouvoir d\u2019intervenir dans les questions relatives aux \u00e9lections f\u00e9d\u00e9rales, notamment en faisant respecter les protections constitutionnelles des \u00c9tats.\u00a0<\/b>\r\n\r\n\u00ab Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une victoire historique pour le peuple de Caroline du Nord et pour la d\u00e9mocratie am\u00e9ricaine. Aujourd\u2019hui, la Cour supr\u00eame des \u00c9tats-Unis a clairement indiqu\u00e9 que les tribunaux et les constitutions des \u00c9tats doivent servir de frein essentiel aux abus de pouvoir des l\u00e9gislateurs \u00bb,<\/span><\/i> a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Bob Phillips, directeur ex\u00e9cutif de Common Cause North Carolina.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nQu\u2019est-ce que cela signifie pour l\u2019Ohio ?<\/b>\r\n\r\nLa Constitution de l\u2019Ohio interdit le red\u00e9coupage des circonscriptions \u00e9lectorales. Cette interdiction a \u00e9t\u00e9 approuv\u00e9e \u00e0 une \u00e9crasante majorit\u00e9 par les \u00e9lecteurs de l\u2019Ohio en 2018. L\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, la Cour supr\u00eame de l\u2019Ohio a d\u00e9termin\u00e9 \u00e0 deux reprises que les cartes \u00e9lectorales du Congr\u00e8s \u00e9taient des red\u00e9coupages inconstitutionnels.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nPlut\u00f4t que de redessiner les districts du Congr\u00e8s et de se conformer \u00e0 l'ordonnance de juillet 2021, les dirigeants l\u00e9gislatifs ont plut\u00f4t fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la th\u00e9orie de la l\u00e9gislature ind\u00e9pendante de l'\u00c9tat et ont fait appel \u00e0 la Cour supr\u00eame des \u00c9tats-Unis, arguant que la Cour supr\u00eame de l'Ohio avait outrepass\u00e9 ses pouvoirs et n'avait pas l'autorit\u00e9 de dire \u00e0 la l\u00e9gislature de l'\u00c9tat ce qu'elle devait faire.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nAlors que <\/span>Huffman c. Nieman<\/span><\/i> n'a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 rejet\u00e9, celui d'hier <\/span>Cette d\u00e9cision conduira probablement la Cour supr\u00eame des \u00c9tats-Unis \u00e0 rejeter cet appel et une nouvelle carte du Congr\u00e8s devra \u00eatre cr\u00e9\u00e9e pour les \u00e9lections de 2024.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nPlus important encore, le <\/span>Moore c. Harper <\/span><\/i>Cette d\u00e9cision signifie que nous pouvons nous lancer dans notre prochain effort de r\u00e9forme, en \u00e9tablissant une commission citoyenne ind\u00e9pendante, avec la certitude que les r\u00e9formes de la Constitution de l'Ohio ne seront pas contourn\u00e9es parce qu'il n'y a pas de contr\u00f4le judiciaire ou de contr\u00f4le du pouvoir l\u00e9gislatif de l'\u00c9tat.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nLe juge en chef John Roberts a r\u00e9dig\u00e9 la d\u00e9cision. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 rejoint par Brett Kavanaugh, Amy Coney Barrett, Ketanji Brown Jackson, Elena Kagan et Sonia Sotomayor. Les juges Clarence Thomas, Neil Gorsuch et Samuel Alito ont \u00e9mis une opinion dissidente.<\/span>\r\n\r\nPour une discussion plus approfondie sur le <\/span>Moore c. Harper<\/span><\/i> d\u00e9cision, voir les articles suivants :<\/span>\r\n\r\n\u00a0<\/span>Coup dur pour les r\u00e9publicains de l'Ohio\u00a0: la Cour supr\u00eame des \u00c9tats-Unis rejette les arguments des l\u00e9gislateurs de l'\u00c9tat dans une affaire de red\u00e9coupage \u00e9lectoral en Caroline du Nord - cleveland.com<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nVICTOIRE ! La Cour supr\u00eame des \u00c9tats-Unis met un terme \u00e0 la mainmise des politiciens de Caroline du Nord sur le pouvoir dans l'arr\u00eat historique Moore c. Harper - Common Cause North Carolina<\/span><\/a>\r\n\r\nLa Cour supr\u00eame refuse de d\u00e9manteler la d\u00e9mocratie | The New Yorker<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span>\r\n

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