{"id":29802,"date":"2025-03-28T09:34:52","date_gmt":"2025-03-28T13:34:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/?post_type=resource&#038;p=29802"},"modified":"2025-09-15T10:55:56","modified_gmt":"2025-09-15T14:55:56","slug":"explainer-trump-administration-defies-court-order-on-halting-deportations","status":"publish","type":"resource","link":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/fr\/resources\/explainer-trump-administration-defies-court-order-on-halting-deportations\/","title":{"rendered":"Explication\u00a0: L&#039;administration Trump d\u00e9fie l&#039;ordonnance du tribunal interdisant les expulsions"},"template":"","class_list":["post-29802","resource","type-resource","status-publish","hentry","resource_type-guide"],"acf":{"details":{"summary":"The Trump administration justified the deportation hundreds of immigrants by invoking the Alien Enemies Act of 1798 (the \u201cAct\u201d), despite a federal court order temporarily barring the deportations and requiring the deportation flights to return to the United States.  \r\n\r\nBy: Alton Wang ","featured_image":"","resource_type":151,"authors":"","related_issues":[2082,2083,129],"related_work":false,"location":46},"sidebar":{"helper_enable_sidebar":false,"helper_media_contact":{"heading":"Media Contact","manually_enter_person":false,"person":"","name":"","role":"","phone":"","email":""},"helper_links_downloads":{"heading":"Links & Downloads","links":null}},"page_layout":[{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"<h3><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">SUMMARY\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335551671&quot;:0,&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"0\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">What\u2019s happening<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: The Trump administration deported hundreds of immigrants by employing an antiquated and centuries-old law last invoked to justify the internment during World War II, despite a court order to halt the deportations.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335551671&quot;:0,&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Why it matters<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: The judiciary is a co-equal branch of government that the executive branch does not have the constitutional authority to defy. The Trump administration\u2019s defiance of a federal court\u2019s order and attacking federal judges destabilizes the checks-and-balances at the core of our democracy.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" data-list-defn-props=\"{&quot;335551671&quot;:0,&quot;335552541&quot;:1,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559991&quot;:360,&quot;469769226&quot;:&quot;Symbol&quot;,&quot;469769242&quot;:[8226],&quot;469777803&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;469777804&quot;:&quot;\uf0b7&quot;,&quot;469777815&quot;:&quot;hybridMultilevel&quot;}\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Our position<\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">: Donald Trump\u2019s continued effort to expand unchecked executive power must be stopped and the critical role of our courts must be protected.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">Over the weekend, Trump announced the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/presidential-actions\/2025\/03\/invocation-of-the-alien-enemies-act-regarding-the-invasion-of-the-united-states-by-tren-de-aragua\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">invocation of the Alien Enemies Act<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, and ordered the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/us\/group-seeks-answers-deportation-venezuelans-despite-court-order-2025-03-17\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">immediate detention and deportation<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> of Venezuelan immigrants with alleged ties to a gang known as <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/03\/15\/world\/americas\/tren-de-aragua-gang-venezuela.html\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Tren de Aragua<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. <\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">The president may invoke the Act in times of \u201cdeclared war\u201d or when a foreign government threatens or undertakes an \u201cinvasion\u201d or \u201cpredatory incursion\u201d against U.S. territory.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">Hundreds of individuals were deported to El Salvador over the weekend despite a federal judge <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2025\/03\/15\/nx-s1-5246028\/trump-alien-enemies-act-tren-de-aragua-deportation\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">issuing a temporary restraining order<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> on the same day blocking Trump\u2019s invocation of the Alien Enemies Act and subsequent deportation actions. The last time the Alien Enemies Act was invoked by a president was during World War II to provide the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/densho.org\/catalyst\/the-alien-enemies-act-paved-the-way-for-japanese-american-incarceration-lets-keep-it-in-the-past\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">basis for Japanese internment<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">The Trump administration\u2019s decision to deport these individuals despite a court order appears to be a direct defiance of the judiciary, with the White House press secretary <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/03\/16\/us\/politics\/trump-venezuelans-deportations-el-salvador.html?smid=url-share\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">saying on Sunday that courts \u201chave no jurisdiction\u201d<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> over the president\u2019s actions on foreign affairs. This is <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawfaremedia.org\/article\/one-voice--and-the-trump-administration-s-conduct-of-foreign-affairs\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">not a view that the Supreme Court has ever embraced<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<h3><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">THE ALIEN ENEMIES ACT\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">The Alien Enemies Act (50 U.S.C. \u00a7 23) was enacted in 1798 as part of a set of four laws known as the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.archives.gov\/milestone-documents\/alien-and-sedition-acts\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">Alien and Sedition Acts<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> to exert greater control over noncitizens living in the United States. The Alien Enemies Act is the only remaining of the four laws still in effect today, the remainder of which had expired or been repealed in the early 1800s. The Act allows, during wartime, for the president to proclaim certain noncitizens to be \u201calien enemies\u201d and permit their detention and deportation.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">The use of the Act has a deeply racist and offensive history. The last time the Act was invoked during World War II was to serve as legal authority to detain and incarcerate Japanese, Germans, and Italians charged as \u201cenemy aliens.\u201d The unchecked power given to the president under this Act, even during wartime in the 1940s, was acknowledged by the U.S. government during the fight for Japanese reparations in the 1980s to be <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.brennancenter.org\/our-work\/policy-solutions\/alien-enemies-act\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">rooted in \u201cracial prejudice\u201d and \u201cwartime hysteria\u201d<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> instead of valid national security concerns.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">The broad language of the Alien Enemies Act remains the law, although no president has invoked it for legal authority since World War II. Recent litigation challenging the application of the Alien Enemies Act <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/cases\/j-g-g-v-trump?document=COMPLAINT\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">emphasize that the Act<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> can \u201cbe triggered in only two situations\u2026 when a formal declared war exists\u201d or when \u201ca foreign nation or government perpetrates, attempts, or threatens an invasion or predatory incursion against\u201d the United States.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">The constitutionality of the Act under today\u2019s understanding of due process rights and equal protection leaves Trump\u2019s reliance of the Act to deport noncitizens in question, especially where the United States is not in a declared war with the foreign nation of the individuals the Trump administration has deported. The Act has never been invoked outside of actual wartime, despite the administration\u2019s attempts to publicly claim this \u201cwar\u201d on transnational gangs as a valid basis for this action.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<h3><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">DEFIANCE OF A COURT ORDER<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">A lawsuit to challenge the use of the Alien Enemies Act <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/press-releases\/aclu-and-democracy-forward-sue-trump-administration-over-expected-invocation-of-alien-enemies-act\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">was filed on Saturday, March 15<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, with federal District Court Judge James Boasberg hearing the plaintiffs\u2019 motion for a temporary restraining order on the same day. Judge Boasberg <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aclu.org\/press-releases\/federal-court-broadens-temporary-block-on-trump-using-alien-enemies-act-to-remove-immigrants-from-the-u-s\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">granted the restraining order from the bench<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, temporarily blocking the Trump administration from removing any individuals under the Alien Enemies Act. Despite Boasberg\u2019s order for flights to not depart and for any flights mid-air to be turned around, the administration failed to comply.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/17\/us\/trump-news#trump-deportation-flights-hearing\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">In a March 17th hearing<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> to clarify whether the government has defied the court\u2019s orders, the Justice Department lawyer representing the administration refused to answer questioning presented by Boasberg about the deportation flights to El Salvador, asserting \u201cnational security concerns.\u201d And in a March 18th response to Boasberg\u2019s request for additional information, the Justice Department <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/18\/us\/trump-president-news\/3b2046d0-9e05-55a7-8036-ec01c812b4c8?smid=url-share\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">refused to tell the federal judge<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> when the deportation flights took off. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/03\/17\/us\/politics\/timeline-trump-deportation-flights-el-salvador.html\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">A review of flight data<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> suggests that one of the flights did not even take off from the U.S. until after the court order was issued.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.axios.com\/2025\/03\/16\/trump-white-house-defy-judge-deport-venezuelans\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">White House claims<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> they are not defying the court order, but that it has \u201cno lawful basis\u201d and that \u201cfederal courts generally have no jurisdiction over the president\u2019s conduct of foreign affairs.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">Trump administration representatives, including \u201cborder czar\u201d Tom Homan, appear to be openly stating that they are defying the court\u2019s order, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.axios.com\/2025\/03\/17\/tom-homan-deportation-flights-trump-court-order\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">saying on Fox News<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> that \u201cwe\u2019re not stopping\u2026 I don\u2019t care what the judges think.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<h3><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">TRUMP\u2019S THREAT TO A FEDERAL JUDGE<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">On Tuesday, Trump <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/03\/18\/us\/chief-justice-roberts-impeachment-trump.html?smid=url-share\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">publicly called for the impeachment<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> of Judge Boasberg for exercising his judicial authority in halting this suspicious use of the Alien Enemies Act, which drew a prompt response from Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts, emphasizing that \u201cimpeachment is not an appropriate response to disagreement concerning a judicial decision.\u201d The Justice Department has already urged the appeals court to remove Judge Boasberg from the case entirely, levying accusations against the federal district court judge.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"auto\">This battle between the Trump administration and the federal judiciary is deepening the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/politics\/2025\/03\/17\/trump-deportation-alien-enemies-act-live-updates\/82487553007\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">possibility of a constitutional crisis<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> with the executive branch refusing to comply with the judicial branch\u2019s authority. The administration\u2019s actions not only amount to a challenge to a court order, but to the federal judiciary\u2019s independence and authority. The Trump administration <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.courtlistener.com\/docket\/69741724\/jgg-v-trump\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">has already appealed<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> the district court\u2019s order <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/storage.courtlistener.com\/recap\/gov.uscourts.cadc.41845\/gov.uscourts.cadc.41845.01208720435.1.pdf\"><span data-contrast=\"none\">to the appeals court<\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, with a likely goal of reaching the Supreme Court.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span>"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_add_component","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_add_component":null},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_work","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_work":{"heading":"Work","manually_curate":false,"work":null}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_resources","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_resources":{"heading":"Related Resources","button_text":"See all Related Resources","manually_curate":false,"resource":null}}]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.6 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - 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