{"id":13521,"date":"2014-10-07T19:40:00","date_gmt":"2014-10-07T19:40:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/articles\/interview-with-timothy-kuhner-part-2-the-last-lawful-means-of-political-exclusion\/"},"modified":"2014-10-07T19:40:00","modified_gmt":"2014-10-07T19:40:00","slug":"entretien-avec-timothy-kuhner-partie-2-le-dernier-moyen-legal-dexclusion-politique","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/fr\/articles\/interview-with-timothy-kuhner-part-2-the-last-lawful-means-of-political-exclusion\/","title":{"rendered":"Entretien avec Timothy Kuhner, 2e partie\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Le dernier moyen l\u00e9gal d\u2019exclusion politique\u00a0\u00bb"},"template":"","class_list":["post-13521","article","type-article","status-publish","hentry","article_type-blog-post"],"acf":{"details":{"summary":"Dr. Timothy Kuhner stopped by the Common Cause office to speak with us about his new book, Capitalism vs. Democracy. In this part, we discuss our nation's history as a forward march of political inclusion -- and how wealth is still used to shut people out.","featured_image":null,"article_type":1103,"authors":["{\"site_id\":\"1\",\"post_type\":\"person\",\"post_id\":7858}"],"related_issues":[137,2082],"related_work":false,"location":null},"sidebar":{"helper_enable_sidebar":false,"helper_media_contact":{"heading":"Media Contact","manually_enter_person":false,"person":null,"name":"","role":"","phone":"","email":""},"helper_links_downloads":{"heading":"Links & Downloads","links":null}},"page_layout":[{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":null,"component_wysiwyg":{"content":"<p><em>Le Dr Timothy Kuhner est pass\u00e9 au bureau de Common Cause pour parler de son nouveau livre, <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/smile.amazon.com\/Capitalism-v-Democracy-Politics-Constitution\/dp\/0804791562\">Capitalisme contre d\u00e9mocratie<\/a><\/strong>. In part 2, we discuss our nation's history as a forward march of political inclusion -- and how wealth is still used to shut people out.<\/em><\/p><p><strong><br \/>Cause commune\u00a0: Le r\u00f4le de l\u2019argent dans notre d\u00e9mocratie a atteint des sommets historiques, notamment depuis Citizens United. Comment d\u00e9cririez-vous la situation actuelle\u00a0?<\/strong><\/p><p>Timothy Kuhner : J&#039;aime dire que la richesse est le dernier moyen l\u00e9gal d&#039;exclusion politique, car les autres formes tout au long de l&#039;histoire de notre nation ont \u00e9t\u00e9 renforc\u00e9es par la l\u00e9gislation ou par un amendement constitutionnel.<\/p><p>L&#039;exclusion politique est un th\u00e8me r\u00e9current de notre histoire. Les Afro-Am\u00e9ricains ont toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9s de leurs droits civiques, que ce soit par l&#039;esclavage, les lois Jim Crow ou les lois actuelles qui emp\u00eachent les \u00e9lecteurs de voter. Les femmes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 tout aussi exclues, tout comme les quakers, les catholiques et les juifs pendant des d\u00e9cennies apr\u00e8s la fondation de notre nation.<\/p><p>Ainsi, nos progr\u00e8s en tant que nation ont \u00e9t\u00e9 le fruit d\u2019exploits monumentaux en mati\u00e8re d\u2019inclusion politique \u2013 des \u00e9tapes importantes comme le Civil Rights Act et le Voting Rights Act, l\u2019amendement de la Constitution pour le suffrage des femmes, le suffrage des Afro-Am\u00e9ricains et l\u2019\u00e9limination des imp\u00f4ts locaux \u2013 mais la derni\u00e8re forme l\u00e9gale d\u2019exclusion qui subsiste est la richesse.<\/p><p><strong>CC : Comment est-il rest\u00e9 si puissant ?<\/strong><\/p><p>TK : Le Congr\u00e8s a adopt\u00e9 la loi sur la campagne \u00e9lectorale f\u00e9d\u00e9rale dans les ann\u00e9es 1970, mais des cas comme<em> Buckley c. Valeo <\/em>et<em> First National Bank of Boston c. Bellotti<\/em> a supprim\u00e9 d&#039;importantes limites impos\u00e9es \u00e0 l&#039;argent en politique, pr\u00e9servant la richesse comme moyen d&#039;exclusion politique. Que telle ait \u00e9t\u00e9 l&#039;intention des juges ou non, tel a \u00e9t\u00e9 l&#039;effet des d\u00e9cisions de la Cour supr\u00eame.<\/p><p>Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, la Cour a annul\u00e9 de nombreuses r\u00e9formes du financement des campagnes \u00e9lectorales, notamment les fonds de contrepartie en Arizona, l&#039;amendement \u00ab\u00a0Millionaire\u00a0\u00bb dans l&#039;affaire McCain-Feingold, les limites strictes impos\u00e9es aux contributions dans le Vermont, les limites impos\u00e9es aux d\u00e9penses de tr\u00e9sorerie des entreprises dans l&#039;affaire Citizens United et les limites impos\u00e9es aux contributions globales dans l&#039;affaire McCutcheon, rendue en avril dernier. Cette jurisprudence est le mod\u00e8le d&#039;une d\u00e9mocratie o\u00f9 0,41 % de la population contr\u00f4le les partis, les candidats et la parole ext\u00e9rieure.<\/p><p><strong>CC : Qui compose cette classe de donateurs ?<\/strong><\/p><p>TK: At the founding of the country, only white men with property could vote &ndash; not just white males, but white men with property. There was an uprising in Rhode Island&mdash;the famous Dorr&rsquo;s Rebellion-- to undo that property requirement, which disenfranchised roughly 50% of the male population. It wasn't until the end of the Jacksonian period that property requirements were eliminated from every state in the Union.<\/p><p>And so we&rsquo;ve gotten rid of property requirements, poll taxes, and the like, but still in American today, a tiny portion of the economic elite wield disproportionate influence over our democracy. So we&rsquo;ve come full circle -- political exclusion today might not be explicitly written into the law, but it still functions to keep all but the wealthy from being heard.<\/p><p>L&#039;ancienne exigence de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 n&#039;emp\u00eachait que 50% environ de participer\u00a0; l&#039;exigence actuelle emp\u00eache 99,5% de la population d&#039;exercer un r\u00f4le important. Nous pouvons voter, bien s\u00fbr.<\/p><p>mais seulement sur une s\u00e9lection restreinte de candidats dominants sur le march\u00e9, ceux qui ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 examin\u00e9s et approuv\u00e9s par la classe des donateurs.<\/p><p><strong>CC : 99.5% ?<\/strong><\/p><p>TK\u00a0: Si l\u2019on examine les dons politiques effectu\u00e9s lors de tous les cycles \u00e9lectoraux f\u00e9d\u00e9raux de 1990 \u00e0 2012, on constate le pourcentage d\u2019Am\u00e9ricains en \u00e2ge de voter qui donnent plus de 1\u00a0TP4T200 et doivent donc d\u00e9clarer leurs dons. Entre 1990 et 2012, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/fr\/democracy-wire\/1%20http:\/www.opensecrets.org\/bigpicture\/donordemographics.php\/?cycle=2012&amp;filter=A\">pas plus de 0,58% de la population adulte a vers\u00e9 des contributions sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 $200<\/a>. Et pourtant, ces contributions, plus celles de $200, repr\u00e9sentent la grande majorit\u00e9 des fonds \u00e9lectoraux collect\u00e9s par les candidats et les partis. Lors des \u00e9lections de mi-mandat en cours, par exemple, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/overview\/donordemographics.php\">seulement 0,19% de la population am\u00e9ricaine a fourni 64,6% de toutes les contributions aux candidats, aux PAC et aux partis<\/a>.<\/p><p>Ainsi, 0,581 TP3T ou moins du pays fournit la grande majorit\u00e9 des fonds disponibles pour les campagnes et les comit\u00e9s des partis. Si l&#039;on consid\u00e8re les super PAC et les groupes d&#039;argent noir, le nombre de personnes aux commandes est encore plus faible. Prenons l&#039;exemple des 1,1 milliard de TP4T de \u00ab d\u00e9penses ind\u00e9pendantes \u00bb sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent en 2012. Les 100 principaux donateurs aux groupes de d\u00e9penses externes\u2026 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/outsidespending\/summ.php?disp=D\">un nombre repr\u00e9sentant seulement 0,00000042% de la population en \u00e2ge de voter, se tenait derri\u00e8re 67% de cet argent<\/a>En \u00e9largissant l\u2019\u00e9chantillon aux 1 000 principaux donateurs, on pourrait prendre en compte la quasi-totalit\u00e9 des discours ext\u00e9rieurs en 2012.<\/p><p>Nous revenons \u00e0 ces m\u00eames vieilles structures de pouvoir, avec quelques-uns qui gouvernent aux d\u00e9pens du plus grand nombre.<\/p><p><em>Le livre, <\/em><em><em><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/smile.amazon.com\/Capitalism-v-Democracy-Politics-Constitution\/dp\/0804791562\">Capitalisme contre d\u00e9mocratie<\/a><\/strong>, est disponible sur Amazon. Lire <strong><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/fr\/democracy-wire\/capitalism-vs-democracy-part-1.html\/\"><strong>partie 1<\/strong><\/a> et <strong><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/fr\/democracy-wire\/capitalism-vs-democracy-part-3.html\/\"><strong>partie 3<\/strong><\/a> ici<\/em>.<\/em><\/p><p>&nbsp;<\/p>"}}]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.6 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Interview with Timothy Kuhner Part 2: &#8220;The Last Lawful Means of Political Exclusion&#8221; - Common Cause<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/fr\/articles\/entretien-avec-timothy-kuhner-partie-2-le-dernier-moyen-legal-dexclusion-politique\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Interview with Timothy Kuhner Part 2: &#8220;The Last Lawful Means of Political Exclusion&#8221;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/fr\/articles\/entretien-avec-timothy-kuhner-partie-2-le-dernier-moyen-legal-dexclusion-politique\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Common Cause\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CommonCause\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/CC-Share-Graphic-Main9.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"630\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CommonCause\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/articles\/interview-with-timothy-kuhner-part-2-the-last-lawful-means-of-political-exclusion\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/articles\/interview-with-timothy-kuhner-part-2-the-last-lawful-means-of-political-exclusion\/\",\"name\":\"Interview with Timothy Kuhner Part 2: &#8220;The Last Lawful Means of Political Exclusion&#8221; - 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