{"id":291,"date":"2025-10-15T02:36:39","date_gmt":"2025-10-15T06:36:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/florida\/work\/fair-districts\/"},"modified":"2025-12-02T14:05:30","modified_gmt":"2025-12-02T19:05:30","slug":"fair-districts","status":"publish","type":"work","link":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/florida\/fr\/work\/quartiers-de-foire\/","title":{"rendered":"Quartiers de foire"},"template":"","class_list":["post-291","work","type-work","status-publish","hentry","work_type-campaign"],"acf":{"details":{"summary":"Fair District standards are designed to stop elected officials from manipulating voting maps to keep themselves and their party in power.","featured_image":6553,"work_type":172,"related_issues":[62,402],"location":12},"sidebar":{"helper_enable_sidebar":false,"helper_media_contact":{"heading":"Media Contact","manually_enter_person":false,"person":"","name":"","role":"","phone":"","email":""},"helper_links_downloads":{"heading":"Links & Downloads","links":null}},"page_layout":[{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"<h2>C\u2019est nous, le peuple, qui devrions choisir nos \u00e9lus, et non l\u2019inverse.<\/h2>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Des cartes \u00e9lectorales \u00e9quitables impliquent un d\u00e9compte \u00e9quitable pour tous, le respect des r\u00e8gles et un processus transparent. Le d\u00e9coupage \u00e9lectoral (gerrymandering) prive les \u00e9lecteurs de leur droit \u00e0 une repr\u00e9sentation \u00e9quitable et \u00e0 un v\u00e9ritable choix lors des urnes\u00a0; nous devons y mettre fin.<\/span>\r\n<h3><strong>Les amendements aux districts de foire<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En novembre 2010, les Floridiens se sont massivement prononc\u00e9s contre le d\u00e9coupage \u00e9lectoral en adoptant les amendements sur les districts de foire \u00e0 la Constitution de Floride avec 63% des voix :<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/Statutes\/index.cfm?Mode=Constitution&amp;Submenu=3&amp;Tab=statutes#A3S21\">Article III, Section 21<\/a> de la Constitution de Floride fournit des normes pour \u00e9tablir les limites des districts l\u00e9gislatifs pour la repr\u00e9sentation au niveau de l&#039;\u00c9tat au S\u00e9nat et \u00e0 la Chambre des repr\u00e9sentants de Floride <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.leg.state.fl.us\/Statutes\/index.cfm?Mode=Constitution&amp;Submenu=3&amp;Tab=statutes#A3S20\">Article III, Section 20<\/a> fournit des normes pour \u00e9tablir les limites des districts du Congr\u00e8s pour la repr\u00e9sentation f\u00e9d\u00e9rale de la Floride \u00e0 la Chambre des repr\u00e9sentants des \u00c9tats-Unis\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les amendements sur les districts \u00e9quitables visaient \u00e0 emp\u00eacher la pratique de longue date des partis au pouvoir au sein de la l\u00e9gislature \u2013 les d\u00e9mocrates, puis les r\u00e9publicains \u2013 de tracer des lignes en faveur de leur parti.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les deux amendements exigent que le pouvoir l\u00e9gislatif se conforme aux normes suivantes dans le cadre du processus de red\u00e9coupage.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Normes de niveau 1\u00a0:<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aucune circonscription ne doit \u00eatre \u00e9tablie dans l\u2019intention de favoriser ou de d\u00e9favoriser un parti politique ou un titulaire.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les districts ne doivent pas \u00eatre dessin\u00e9s dans l\u2019intention ou avec pour r\u00e9sultat de nier ou de restreindre l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 des chances des minorit\u00e9s raciales ou linguistiques de participer au processus politique ou de diminuer leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9lire les repr\u00e9sentants de leur choix.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les districts sont constitu\u00e9s de territoires contigus.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Normes de niveau 2, qui doivent \u00eatre respect\u00e9es <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sauf si<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ils sont en conflit avec la loi f\u00e9d\u00e9rale ou avec les normes de niveau 1\u00a0:<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les districts doivent avoir une population aussi \u00e9gale que possible.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les districts doivent \u00eatre compacts.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les districts doivent, dans la mesure du possible, utiliser les fronti\u00e8res politiques et g\u00e9ographiques existantes.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3><strong>La lutte pour des quartiers \u00e9quitables : ann\u00e9es 2010<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lorsqu&#039;il a fallu \u00e9tablir de nouvelles cartes en pr\u00e9vision des \u00e9lections de 2012, l&#039;Assembl\u00e9e l\u00e9gislative de Floride n&#039;a pas suivi les normes du Fair District. Les Floridiens en ont subi les cons\u00e9quences\u00a0: les R\u00e9publicains ont remport\u00e9 pr\u00e8s des deux tiers des si\u00e8ges du Congr\u00e8s de Floride en 2012, m\u00eame si seulement un peu plus de la moiti\u00e9 des Floridiens ont vot\u00e9 pour eux.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Common Cause et la Ligue des femmes \u00e9lectrices ont contest\u00e9 les cartes du Congr\u00e8s et du S\u00e9nat de l&#039;\u00c9tat devant les tribunaux<\/strong>, et la Cour supr\u00eame de Floride a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#039;Assembl\u00e9e l\u00e9gislative de corriger ses cartes. Puis, ils ont remani\u00e9 les cartes, et on leur a demand\u00e9 de les corriger \u00e0 nouveau. <\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finalement, en d\u00e9cembre 2015, la Cour supr\u00eame de Floride a approuv\u00e9 la carte \u00e9lectorale du Congr\u00e8s soumise par Common Cause Florida et la League of Women Voters Florida. Et en janvier 2016, la Cour du deuxi\u00e8me circuit du comt\u00e9 de Leon a adopt\u00e9 ce plan pour les districts s\u00e9natoriaux de l&#039;\u00c9tat. Ce fut une victoire majeure pour les habitants de Floride, mais le mal \u00e9tait fait\u00a0: les communaut\u00e9s de toute la Floride avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9es de la possibilit\u00e9 de faire entendre leur voix lors des \u00e9lections qui ont suivi.<\/span>\r\n<h3><strong>La lutte continue pour des quartiers \u00e9quitables\u00a0: ann\u00e9es 2020<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lorsqu&#039;il a fallu redessiner les cartes en 2022, la l\u00e9gislature de Floride a d&#039;abord suivi les normes du Fair District, mais a ensuite adopt\u00e9 une carte cr\u00e9\u00e9e et promulgu\u00e9e par le gouverneur DeSantis. Cette carte a priv\u00e9 les \u00e9lecteurs noirs d&#039;une repr\u00e9sentation \u00e9quitable.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/florida\/fr\/resource\/charge-florida\/\">D\u00e9couvrez comment la Floride a \u00e9t\u00e9 not\u00e9e lors du dernier cycle de red\u00e9coupage.<\/a><\/strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Poursuite f\u00e9d\u00e9rale (Common Cause Florida c. Byrd)<\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Common Cause Florida, Fair Districts Now, la Conf\u00e9rence de l&#039;\u00c9tat de Floride de la NAACP et des \u00e9lecteurs de toute la Floride ont contest\u00e9 la carte \u00e9lectorale du Congr\u00e8s de l&#039;\u00c9tat devant un tribunal f\u00e9d\u00e9ral. Cette affaire f\u00e9d\u00e9rale soutenait que le Parlement de Floride avait d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment pratiqu\u00e9 une discrimination raciale, en violation des 14e et 15e amendements de la Constitution am\u00e9ricaine, lors de l&#039;\u00e9laboration de la carte \u00e9lectorale du Congr\u00e8s de l&#039;\u00c9tat. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>En savoir plus sur cette affaire <\/em><\/span><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/florida\/fr\/common-cause-florida-et-al-v-lee\/\">ici<\/a>.<\/em>\r\n\r\n<strong>Poursuite devant l&#039;\u00c9tat (Black Voters Matter Capacity Building Institute contre Byrd)<\/strong>L&#039;Equal Ground Education Fund, le Black Voters Matter Capacity Building Institute, la League of Women Voters of Florida, Florida Rising Together et 12 plaignants individuels ont contest\u00e9 la carte \u00e9lectorale du Congr\u00e8s de Floride devant un tribunal d&#039;\u00c9tat. Cette action en justice arguait que cette carte violait l&#039;amendement sur les districts d&#039;int\u00e9r\u00eat public de Floride (plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment l&#039;article III, section 20 de la Constitution de Floride) car elle favorisait les r\u00e9publicains et r\u00e9duisait la capacit\u00e9 des \u00e9lecteurs noirs \u00e0 \u00e9lire les candidats de leur choix. <em>En savoir plus sur cette affaire <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lwv.org\/legal-center\/black-voters-matter-capacity-building-institute-v-byrd-formerly-black-voters-matter\">ici<\/a>.<\/em>\r\n\r\nMalheureusement, malgr\u00e9 la reconnaissance claire par le tribunal f\u00e9d\u00e9ral de l&#039;histoire de la Floride en mati\u00e8re de discrimination raciale et par le tribunal d&#039;\u00c9tat du fait que la carte a d\u00e9mantel\u00e9 un district d&#039;opportunit\u00e9s pour les Noirs, la carte du gouverneur a \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9e dans les deux cas.\r\n<h3>Opposition au red\u00e9coupage \u00e9lectoral du milieu de la d\u00e9cennie<\/h3>\r\nLe red\u00e9coupage \u00e9lectoral de milieu de d\u00e9cennie d\u00e9signe les cas o\u00f9 des politiciens redessinent les cartes \u00e9lectorales en milieu de d\u00e9cennie \u00e0 des fins politiques, sans mandat judiciaire et sans attendre les donn\u00e9es du recensement d\u00e9cennal. Au d\u00e9but de l&#039;\u00e9t\u00e9 2025, le pr\u00e9sident Donald Trump a incit\u00e9 les dirigeants r\u00e9publicains des \u00c9tats \u00e0 redessiner leurs circonscriptions au milieu de la d\u00e9cennie afin de favoriser les r\u00e9publicains lors des \u00e9lections de mi-mandat de 2026. En juillet 2025, le gouverneur DeSantis a fait pression pour redessiner la carte des circonscriptions de Floride\u00a0: celle qu&#039;il avait lui-m\u00eame \u00e9tablie en 2022. Si le d\u00e9coupage \u00e9lectoral partisan n&#039;est peut-\u00eatre pas ill\u00e9gal au niveau f\u00e9d\u00e9ral, ni dans de nombreux autres \u00c9tats, les amendements relatifs \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9quit\u00e9 des circonscriptions le rendent clairement ill\u00e9gal en Floride. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/florida\/fr\/work\/mettre-fin-au-redecoupage-electoral-de-mi-decennie-en-floride\/\">Cliquez ici pour en savoir plus sur notre lutte contre le red\u00e9coupage \u00e9lectoral de milieu de d\u00e9cennie.<\/a>"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":""}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_email_signup","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_email_signup":{"":null,"small_title":"Join Us","large_title":"Push For Fair Districts","action_network_embed":"https:\/\/actionnetwork.org\/widgets\/v3\/form\/lando-test","disclaimer":"Sign up to stay up-to-date on the fight for impartial voting maps in Florida, including volunteer opportunities and legislative updates."}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_add_component","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_add_component":null},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_take_action","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_take_action":{"heading":"Take Action","button_text":"","manually_curate":true,"action":["{\"site_id\":\"45\",\"post_type\":\"act\",\"post_id\":2508}"]}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_banner","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_banner":{"use_donate_banner":true,"title":"Title [highlight]with highlighting[\/highlight] and additional text.","button":null,"image":null}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_related_articles","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_related_articles":{"heading":"Updates","button_text":"See all Related Articles","manually_curate":false,"articles":null}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_resources","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_resources":{"heading":"Related Resources","button_text":"See all Related Resources","manually_curate":true,"resource":["{\"site_id\":\"45\",\"post_type\":\"resource\",\"post_id\":283}","{\"site_id\":\"45\",\"post_type\":\"resource\",\"post_id\":282}"]}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_press","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_press":{"heading":"Press","button_text":"","manually_curate":false,"press":null}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_events","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_events":{"heading":"Events"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_our_experts","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_our_experts":{"heading":"","manually_curate":false,"people":null}}]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.6 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - 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