{"id":12003,"date":"2022-06-07T13:25:55","date_gmt":"2022-06-07T17:25:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/resources\/power-shift-how-people-can-take-on-the-nra-report\/"},"modified":"2024-06-13T19:51:51","modified_gmt":"2024-06-13T23:51:51","slug":"cambio-de-poder-como-las-personas-pueden-enfrentarse-al-informe-de-la-nra","status":"publish","type":"resource","link":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/es\/resources\/power-shift-how-people-can-take-on-the-nra-report\/","title":{"rendered":"Cambio de poder: c\u00f3mo la gente puede enfrentarse al informe de la NRA"},"template":"","class_list":["post-12003","resource","type-resource","status-publish","hentry","resource_type-report"],"acf":{"details":{"summary":"Fixing our gun violence problem will require fixing our democracy \u2014 but together, ordinary people can take on the gun lobby and win.","featured_image":"","resource_type":150,"authors":"","related_issues":[2082,137],"related_work":false,"location":46},"sidebar":{"helper_enable_sidebar":false,"helper_media_contact":{"heading":"Media Contact","manually_enter_person":false,"person":"","name":"","role":"","phone":"","email":""},"helper_links_downloads":{"heading":"Links & Downloads","links":null}},"page_layout":[{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"<h3><strong>Para solucionar el problema de la violencia armada ser\u00e1 necesario arreglar nuestra democracia, pero juntos, la gente com\u00fan puede enfrentarse al lobby de las armas y ganar.<\/strong><\/h3>"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"<h2>Resumen ejecutivo<\/h2>"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"<ul>\r\n \t<li>The NRA\u2019s influence and political success is more than its campaign spending \u2013 it has built a sophisticated organizing operation with a grassroots base. In 2015 it paid more than <strong>$20 million<\/strong> to a single vendor that focuses on building the NRA\u2019s membership.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The NRA\u2019s policy positions do not match some of the core policy preferences of its members. Surveys show that about three-in-four NRA members support universal criminal background checks for all gun sales \u2013 a policy that the NRA vehemently opposes.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The gun industry relies on the NRA\u2019s lobbying power as a de facto trade association. Although no definitive number exists, independent estimates show that corporate partners of the NRA have contributed between <strong>$19.3 million<\/strong> and <strong>$60.2 million<\/strong> to the organization, with one firearms retailer declaring that it has contributed at least <strong>$15 million<\/strong> to the NRA\u2019s Institute for Legislative Action.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The NRA\u2019s employees and PAC have contributed about <strong>$23 million<\/strong> directly to federal candidates and parties since 1989, and about <strong>$17 million<\/strong> to state candidates and committees since 1990. Interests favoring tighter gun laws have only contributed about <strong>$4.3 million<\/strong> to federal candidates and parties. <em>(Common Cause analysis of campaign finance and lobbying data relied in part upon tools and analysis made available by the Center for Responsive Politics and the National Institute on Money in State Politics. )<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li>But direct campaign contributions are only a drop in the NRA\u2019s bucket compared to its independent spending in recent years. Empowered by the Supreme Court\u2019s decision in Citizens United, the NRA reported spending at least <strong>$54 million on independent expenditures during the 2016 federal election cycle.<\/strong> Other estimates put the number closer to <strong>$70 million<\/strong> \u2013 accounting for spending on certain field and internet operations that is not reported on FEC reports. Its reported 2016 election spending was nearly double the <strong>$27 million<\/strong> it spent during the 2014 midterms and more than double the <strong>$19 million<\/strong> it spent during the 2012 presidential election.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>About <strong>$34 million<\/strong> of the <strong>$54 million<\/strong> it spent on independent expenditures in federal elections in 2016 \u2013 <strong>more than 60% of that spending<\/strong> \u2013 flowed through the NRA\u2019s <strong>Institute for Legislative Action<\/strong>, an arm of the NRA that is not required to disclose its donors.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>The NRA also lobbies extensively to pursue its agenda \u2013 in recent years it has increased its federal lobbying spending dramatically, from <strong>$1,815,000<\/strong> in 2007 to <strong>$5,122,000<\/strong> in 2017. In addition to its gun-related legislation, the NRA has lobbied against efforts to shine a light on secret spending in politics, including the DISCLOSE Act. The NRA also uses the American Legislative Exchange Council [ALEC] to push its pro-gun laws at the state level<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Although this report does not recommend specific policies to reduce gun violence, it proposes solutions to boost the political power of Americans of every political persuasion, including the overwhelming number of people who support changes to our gun laws to save lives. Solutions include making voting more fair and accessible, including <strong>automatic voter registration, pre-registration for 16- and 17-year olds, and early voting; changing the way we pay for political campaigns to empower all Americans, not just the wealthy few; shining a light on secret spending in politics; <\/strong>and<strong> ending gerrymandering.<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"<h2>Introducci\u00f3n<\/h2>"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"After a lone gunman killed 14 students and three faculty members and wounded more than a dozen others at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, FL, on Valentine\u2019s Day, young survivors of the massacre resolved to tackle the formidable power of the gun lobby across America.\r\n\r\nIn just a few weeks, the Parkland students have captured the nation\u2019s imagination and brought new energy into the long running efforts to regulate gun ownership. They\u2019ve pushed the Florida legislature and Gov. Rick Scott to tighten the state\u2019s gun laws, faced down the president at the White House, and led their fellow students at thousands of high schools across the country in a dramatic, peaceful walkout to demand stronger laws to protect their lives. Now they\u2019re planning a mammoth \u201cMarch for Our Lives\u201d down Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, DC, with sibling marches in cities and towns throughout the country and around the globe to demand that lives and safety \u201cbecome a priority and that we end gun violence and mass shootings in our schools today.\u201d\r\n\r\nGun violence is now a leading cause of death in the United States. Every year on average, more than 35,000 people die from gun violence, and another 81,000 survive after being shot, according to the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence. <a id=\"return-note-24-1\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Estad\u00edsticas clave sobre violencia con armas de fuego, Campa\u00f1a Brady para prevenir la violencia con armas de fuego, http:\/\/www.bradycampaign.org\/key-gun-violence-statistics (\u00faltimo acceso el 10 de marzo de 2018).\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-1\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a> La violencia afecta desproporcionadamente a las comunidades de color; los hombres negros tienen 13 veces m\u00e1s probabilidades que los hombres blancos de recibir disparos y morir por un arma de fuego. <a id=\"return-note-24-2\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"La violencia con armas de fuego en cifras, Everytown for Gun Safety, https:\/\/everytownresearch.org\/gun-violence-by-the-numbers\/ (\u00faltimo acceso el 10 de marzo de 2018).\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-2\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a> y los ni\u00f1os negros mueren por homicidios con armas de fuego a una tasa diez veces mayor que la de los ni\u00f1os blancos, seg\u00fan un estudio de los Centros para el Control y la Prevenci\u00f3n de Enfermedades. <a id=\"return-note-24-3\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Emily Weyrauch, \u201cLos ni\u00f1os negros tienen 10 veces m\u00e1s probabilidades que los ni\u00f1os blancos de morir por armas de fuego, seg\u00fan un estudio\u201d, Time, 20 de junio de 2017, http:\/\/time.com\/4823524\/gun-violence-black-children-study\/.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-3\"><sup>3<\/sup><\/a>\r\n\r\nThe death tolls from single-day mass shootings continue to reach new records. Last year, 58 concertgoers died and another 500 were injured at a country music festival in Las Vegas. The year before, 49 people were shot to death and another 50 injured at an Orlando LGBTQ nightclub. Those mass shootings surpassed the death tolls of the Virginia Tech massacre, which left 32 college students and professors dead in 2007, and the 2012 Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, in which 20 children \u2013 ages six and seven \u2013 and six teachers were murdered in what President Obama called the single worst day of his presidency.\r\n\r\nVarious policies to tighten gun laws enjoy wide support. According to a February 2018 poll by Quinnipiac University, \u201csupport for universal background checks, a mandatory waiting period for firearm purchases, and an assault weapon ban came in at 97%, 83%, and 67% respectively.\u201d <a id=\"return-note-24-4\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Jamie Ducharme, \u201cM\u00e1s estadounidenses que nunca apoyan leyes de armas m\u00e1s estrictas, seg\u00fan una encuesta\u201d, Time, 20 de febrero de 2018, http:\/\/time.com\/5167216\/americans-gun-control-support-poll-2018\/.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-4\"><sup>4<\/sup><\/a>\r\n\r\nIf our political system worked as intended, with everyone enjoying an equal voice in the decisions that affect our lives, our families and our communities, such a combination of facts, backed by public opinion, already would have yielded substantial changes in our gun laws.\r\n\r\nBut the truth is that our system has been thrown out of balance by the power of moneyed interests, including the gun lobby and the weapons industry. In many places \u2013 especially Congress \u2013 many with the power to act instead express their \u201cthoughts and prayers\u201d and move on without making any substantive changes to our laws.\r\n\r\nMany cite the National Rifle Association\u2019s political spending as an explanation for our elected leaders\u2019 intransigence on this issue. And with good reason \u2013 the NRA boasts that it has 5 million members (a number that some dispute) and spends tens of millions of dollars on politics. <a id=\"return-note-24-5\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Christopher Ingraham, \u201cNadie sabe cu\u00e1ntos miembros tiene la NRA, pero sus declaraciones de impuestos ofrecen algunas pistas\u201d, Washington Post, 26 de febrero de 2018, https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2018\/02\/26\/nobody-knows-how-many-members-the-nra-has-but-its-tax-returns-offer-some-clues\/.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-5\"><sup>5<\/sup><\/a> But as this report makes clear, the NRA\u2019s power goes beyond its campaign spending. It has created a sophisticated grassroots operation to push its agenda in statehouses and in Congress.\r\n\r\nThe NRA\u2019s political influence, however, is no match for the power of the American voter \u2013 provided we make our voices heard at every election, and if we solve some underlying governance challenges that skew policy in favor of wealthy special interests.\r\n\r\nThis report examines critical aspects of the NRA\u2019s perceived influence, and is intended to suggest solutions that will rebalance power to ensure that our democracy is responsive to our needs. This report does not recommend specific policies to reduce gun violence \u2013 but proposes solutions to boost the political power of Americans of every political persuasion \u2013 including the overwhelming number of people who support changes to our gun laws to save lives."}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"<h2>The NRA\u2019s Organizing & Membership Base<\/h2>"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"Voters hold the ultimate power in a democracy. Organized voters have more power than unorganized ones. The NRA\u2019s influence and political success extends beyond campaign contributions and independent expenditures and into political organizing and mobilizing of a grassroots base of voters who are known to vote frequently and follow the recommendations of the organization.\r\n\r\nKey to the power of the NRA and its affiliates is their grassroots base. The NRA claims \u201cnearly five million members,\u201d <a id=\"return-note-24-6\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Una breve historia de la NRA, Asociaci\u00f3n Nacional del Rifle, https:\/\/home.nra.org\/about-the-nra\/.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-6\"><sup>6<\/sup><\/a> pero este n\u00famero es imposible de verificar y la organizaci\u00f3n tiene inter\u00e9s en informar una estimaci\u00f3n inflada o elevada (incluyendo membres\u00edas activas \u201cde por vida\u201d de personas fallecidas). <a id=\"return-note-24-7\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Christopher Ingraham, \u201cNadie sabe cu\u00e1ntos miembros tiene la NRA, pero sus declaraciones de impuestos ofrecen algunas pistas\u201d, Washington Post, 26 de febrero de 2018, https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2018\/02\/26\/nobody-knows-how-many-members-the-nra-has-but-its-tax-returns-offer-some-clues\/.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-7\"><sup>7<\/sup><\/a> Still, the NRA\u2019s membership is perceived by lawmakers as a powerful force that can be mobilized to support \u2013 or defeat \u2013 legislation and candidates.\r\n\r\nThe opinions of NRA members do not necessarily match perfectly with the policies the NRA promotes. While some NRA members join the organization because they support the policy goals and political advocacy, many others join for the extensive benefits and services provided \u2013 including discounted insurance, access to private clubs, a print magazine, and firearms safety classes, to name a few. This helps grow the NRA\u2019s membership ranks and creates a cycle of membership engagement from lifestyle (discounts and a magazine) to politics. <a id=\"return-note-24-8\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Hahrie Han, \u201c\u00bfQuiere control de armas? Aprenda de la NRA\u201d, New York Times, 4 de octubre de 2018, https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/10\/04\/opinion\/gun-control-nra-vegas.html.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-8\"><sup>8<\/sup><\/a> Sin embargo, despu\u00e9s del tiroteo en Parkland, varios socios corporativos de la NRA han reevaluado su relaci\u00f3n con la organizaci\u00f3n. <a id=\"return-note-24-9\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Barbara Goldberg y Gina Cherelus, \u201cSocios corporativos cortan v\u00ednculos con la NRA mientras se intensifica el debate sobre el control de armas\u201d, Reuters, 23 de febrero de 2018, https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-guns-boycott\/corporate-partners-cut-cord-with-nra-as-gun-control-debate-rages-idUSKCN1G71OX.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-9\"><sup>9<\/sup><\/a> It may have a long-term impact.\r\n\r\nIndividuals can become leaders within the NRA as firearms instructors or coaches. With 125,000 instructors <a id=\"return-note-24-10\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Entrenamiento de armas de fuego de la NRA, Asociaci\u00f3n Nacional del Rifle, https:\/\/firearmtraining.nra.org\/\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-10\"><sup>10<\/sup><\/a> (training 1 million people each year) the NRA gives volunteers a significant role in building the organization. NRA members may have joined for the discounts, but are constantly recruited to take leadership roles, as well as join in political activities supporting the NRA leadership\u2019s positions.\r\n\r\nThere\u2019s strong evidence that the NRA\u2019s policy and lobbying priorities reflect the priorities of gun manufacturers more than rank-and-file members.\r\n\r\nThe gun industry relies on the NRA\u2019s lobbying power as a \u201cde facto trade association\u201d according to one expert. <a id=\"return-note-24-11\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"\u201cC\u00f3mo la industria de armas de Estados Unidos est\u00e1 vinculada a la NRA\u201d, NPR, 13 de marzo de 2018, https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2018\/03\/13\/593255356\/how-americas-gun-industry-is-tied-to-the-nra.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-11\"><sup>11<\/sup><\/a> La oposici\u00f3n a la ampliaci\u00f3n de los controles de antecedentes \u2013y otras medidas como elevar la edad m\u00ednima para comprar un arma larga o un rifle de asalto\u2013 son prioridades de la industria de las armas, que ver\u00e1 reducirse sus ganancias con estas reformas. Pero m\u00faltiples encuestas (incluida la del destacado encuestador republicano Frank Luntz <a id=\"return-note-24-12\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Edith Honan, \u201cEncuesta descubre que los propietarios de armas, incluso los miembros de la NRA, respaldan algunas restricciones\u201d, https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-shooting-denver-guns\/poll-finds-gun-owners-even-nra-members-back-some-restrictions-idUSBRE86O02O20120725.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-12\"><sup>12<\/sup><\/a>) han descubierto que aproximadamente tres de cada cuatro miembros de la NRA encuestados apoyan la verificaci\u00f3n universal de antecedentes penales de cualquier persona que compre un arma, <a id=\"return-note-24-13\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Colleen L. Barry, Ph. D., et al, \u201cDespu\u00e9s de Newtown: opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica sobre la pol\u00edtica de armas y las enfermedades mentales\u201d, New England Journal of Medicine, 21 de marzo de 2013, http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMp1300512?query=featured_home&amp;.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-13\"><sup>13<\/sup><\/a> una pol\u00edtica a la que la NRA se opone vehementemente. <a id=\"return-note-24-14\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Verificaci\u00f3n de antecedentes para armas, Instituto de Acci\u00f3n Legislativa de la Asociaci\u00f3n Nacional del Rifle, 8 de agosto de 2016, https:\/\/www.nraila.org\/get-the-facts\/background-checks-nics\/.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-14\"><sup>14<\/sup><\/a> El sistema de calificaci\u00f3n con letras de la NRA refuerza un enfoque sin concesiones a la defensa pol\u00edtica con la amenaza de que los miembros de la NRA expulsar\u00e1n del cargo a cualquier funcionario que no reciba una calificaci\u00f3n &quot;A&quot;. <a id=\"return-note-24-15\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Eric Lipton y Alexander Burns, \u201cLa verdadera fuente de la influencia de la NRA: movilizaci\u00f3n, no donaciones\u201d, 24 de febrero de 2018, https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/02\/24\/us\/politics\/nra-gun-control-florida.html.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-15\"><sup>15<\/sup><\/a> Even if NRA members personally agree with policies like universal background checks, the industry opposition is reflected in the letter grades of candidates.\r\n\r\nEven if a majority of NRA members demanded change, the structure and bylaws of the organization might prevent it. Only those who have been NRA members for at least five years (or have signed up for a lifetime membership) can vote in NRA elections. And NRA officials and members who cross Executive Vice President Wayne LaPierre, who is close with the gun industry, are forced out or marginalized. <a id=\"return-note-24-16\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Chris McGreal, &#039;La NRA no toler\u00f3 bien el disenso&#039;: c\u00f3mo el lobby de las armas se mantiene fiel a su mensaje, The Guardian, 23 de octubre de 2015, https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2015\/oct\/23\/national-rifle-association-gun-lobby-wayne-lapierre\/\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-16\"><sup>16<\/sup><\/a>\r\n\r\nThe large media presence of the NRA (seven print and online magazines, popular YouTube and other social media channels) also helps it recruit new members and highlights the importance of its political activities. With a constant barrage of stories and commentary that vilifies the NRA\u2019s political opponents and reinforces a feeling that the freedom of gun owners is under attack from powerful forces, the NRA membership is primed and motivated to vote. Some of the NRA\u2019s recent digital videos evince extreme hostility to the media, echoing President Trump\u2019s attacks on journalists and a free press.\r\n\r\nBuilding a grassroots base of support takes significant resources. The NRA paid more than $20 million in 2015 to a single membership-building vendor. <a id=\"return-note-24-17\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Formulario 990 del IRS de 2015 para la Asociaci\u00f3n Nacional del Rifle, https:\/\/projects.propublica.org\/nonprofits\/organizations\/530116130.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-17\"><sup>17<\/sup><\/a> Sus v\u00ednculos corporativos tambi\u00e9n ayudan a la organizaci\u00f3n a aumentar su membres\u00eda. La financiaci\u00f3n de la NRA proviene de las cuotas de los miembros, adem\u00e1s de donaciones de fabricantes de armas y grupos de inter\u00e9s pol\u00edtico; este \u00faltimo grupo incluye a Freedom Partners, respaldado por la familia Koch, que contribuy\u00f3 con alrededor de 1 mill\u00f3n de d\u00f3lares a la NRA en 2014. <a id=\"return-note-24-18\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Center for Responsive Politics, Resumen de gastos externos 2016, Asociaci\u00f3n Nacional del Rifle, https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/outsidespending\/detail.php?cycle=2016&amp;cmte=National+Rifle+Assn (\u00faltimo acceso el 14 de marzo de 2018). https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/outsidespending\/contrib.php?cmte=C90013301&amp;cycle=2016\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-18\"><sup>18<\/sup><\/a> Si bien la NRA no publica detalles sobre las donaciones de los actores de la industria de las armas, un an\u00e1lisis independiente del Violence Policy Center muestra que desde 2005, los &quot;socios corporativos&quot; (en la jerga de la NRA) han donado entre 19,3 y 60,2 millones de TWD a la organizaci\u00f3n. <a id=\"return-note-24-19\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Violence Policy Center, Blood Money II: C\u00f3mo los d\u00f3lares de la industria de las armas financian a la NRA, 13 de septiembre de 2015 http:\/\/www.vpc.org\/studies\/bloodmoney2.pdf.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-19\"><sup>19<\/sup><\/a> Una empresa de armas, MidwayUSA, afirma orgullosamente en su sitio web que ha donado casi $1,500,000 a la NRA. <a id=\"return-note-24-20\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Apoyando a la NRA, Midway USA, https:\/\/www.midwayusa.com\/nra-support.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-20\"><sup>20<\/sup><\/a> La NRA tambi\u00e9n recibe millones de la industria de las armas para publicitar sus productos en las publicaciones de la NRA. <a id=\"return-note-24-21\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Walter Hickey, \u201cEsto es a qui\u00e9n representa realmente la NRA\u201d, Business Insider, 19 de diciembre de 2012, http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/the-nra-has-sold-out-to-the-gun-industry-to-become-their-top-crisis-pr-firm-2012-12.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-21\"><sup>21<\/sup><\/a> Y el fabricante de armas Taurus ofrece una membres\u00eda gratuita de la NRA con cada compra. <a id=\"return-note-24-22\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Gracias por comprar un arma de fuego de Taurus, https:\/\/www.taurususa.com\/pdf\/NRA\/Taurus-NRA-Free-Membership-Print.pdf.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-22\"><sup>22<\/sup><\/a>"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"<h2>Gastos electorales de la NRA<\/h2>"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"Of the groups and organizations that promote the interests of the gun industry, the NRA is by far the biggest political spender.\r\n\r\nIts spending has increased significantly in recent years. Empowered by the Supreme Court\u2019s decision in <em>Ciudadanos unidos<\/em> y en otros casos, la NRA gasta m\u00e1s dinero en cada ciclo electoral para elegir candidatos que cumplan sus \u00f3rdenes y apoyen su agenda pol\u00edtica, y derrotar a los que no lo hagan. Y, lo que es m\u00e1s importante, tambi\u00e9n puede <em>amenazar<\/em> to spend money for and against candidates. The threat alone can advance or stall policy because elected officials fear that the NRA will spend whatever it takes to defeat them.\r\n\r\nSince 1989, the NRA \u2013 measured by money from its PACs and employees \u2013 has contributed approximately <strong>$23 millones<\/strong> directamente a candidatos federales, partidos y otros comit\u00e9s pol\u00edticos, seg\u00fan el Centro de Pol\u00edtica Responsable. <a id=\"return-note-24-23\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Derechos de armas vs. Control de armas, Center for Responsive Politics, https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/news\/issues\/guns (\u00faltimo acceso el 13 de marzo de 2018).\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-23\"><sup>23<\/sup><\/a> Su dinero apoya casi exclusivamente a los republicanos. Los aliados de la NRA como Safari Club International, la National Shooting Sports Foundation y Gun Owners of America hacen la mayor parte de otras donaciones a favor de las armas, por un total de <strong>$42 millones<\/strong> Del lobby pro armas desde 1989. <a id=\"return-note-24-24\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Identificaci\u00f3n.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-24\"><sup>24<\/sup><\/a>\r\n\r\nA nivel estatal, la NRA ha contribuido al menos <strong>$17 millones<\/strong> a candidatos y comit\u00e9s estatales desde 1990, seg\u00fan datos facilitados por el Instituto Nacional sobre el Dinero en la Pol\u00edtica Estatal. <a id=\"return-note-24-25\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"An\u00e1lisis de Common Cause de las cifras proporcionadas por el Instituto Nacional del Dinero en la Pol\u00edtica Estatal, https:\/\/www.followthemoney.org\/show-me?f-fc=2&amp;d-eid=1854#[{1|gro=y (\u00faltimo acceso el 14 de marzo de 2018).\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-25\"><sup>25<\/sup><\/a> El gasto del lobby pro armas es excepcionalmente mayor que el de los grupos que favorecen leyes de armas m\u00e1s estrictas: estos \u00faltimos han gastado solo <strong>$4,3 millones<\/strong> Desde 1989. <a id=\"return-note-24-26\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Derechos de armas vs. Control de armas, Center for Responsive Politics, https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/news\/issues\/guns (\u00faltimo acceso el 13 de marzo de 2018).\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-26\"><sup>26<\/sup><\/a><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-176\" src=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/03\/pro-vs-anti-contributions.png\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1050px) 100vw, 1050px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/03\/pro-vs-anti-contributions.png 1050w, https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/03\/pro-vs-anti-contributions-300x128.png 300w, https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/03\/pro-vs-anti-contributions-768x328.png 768w, https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/03\/pro-vs-anti-contributions-1024x437.png 1024w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1050\" height=\"448\" \/>\r\n\r\nBut direct contributions per election cycle are only a drop in the NRA\u2019s campaign bucket.\r\n\r\nThe NRA spends most of its election money on \u201cindependent expenditures\u201d \u2013 not campaign contributions. Often, these take the form of paid advertisements calling for the election or defeat of candidates.\r\n\r\nThe NRA greatly boosted its independent spending after the Supreme Court decided Citizens United in 2010; that ruling declared that corporations \u2013 including some nonprofits like the NRA \u2013 have a constitutional right to spend unlimited amounts to influence elections.\r\n\r\nIn the 2016 federal election cycle alone, the NRA spent at least <strong>$54 millones<\/strong> sobre gastos independientes en elecciones federales: $37 millones contra los dem\u00f3cratas, $17,3 millones para los republicanos y solo $265 para los dem\u00f3cratas. <a id=\"return-note-24-27\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Centro de Pol\u00edticas Responsables, Resumen del gasto externo 2016, Asociaci\u00f3n Nacional del Rifle, https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/outsidespending\/detail.php?cycle=2016&amp;cmte=National+Rifle+Assn (\u00faltimo acceso el 14 de marzo de 2018).\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-27\"><sup>27<\/sup><\/a> Eso es casi el doble de <strong>$27 millones<\/strong> gast\u00f3 durante las elecciones intermedias de 2014 y m\u00e1s del doble <strong>$19 millones<\/strong> gast\u00f3 en las elecciones presidenciales de 2012. <a id=\"return-note-24-28\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Identificaci\u00f3n.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-28\"><sup>28<\/sup><\/a> Los gastos independientes de la NRA son mucho mayores que los $3 millones de gastos independientes de los grupos que abogaban por leyes de armas m\u00e1s estrictas en 2016, y <strong>$8,6 millones<\/strong> aquellos grupos que gastaron en el a\u00f1o 2014. <a id=\"return-note-24-29\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Derechos de armas vs. Control de armas, Center for Responsive Politics, https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/news\/issues\/guns (\u00faltimo acceso el 13 de marzo de 2018).\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-29\"><sup>29<\/sup><\/a>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-175\" src=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/03\/nra-federal-campaign-spending.png\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1069px) 100vw, 1069px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/03\/nra-federal-campaign-spending.png 1069w, https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/03\/nra-federal-campaign-spending-300x156.png 300w, https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/03\/nra-federal-campaign-spending-768x400.png 768w, https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/03\/nra-federal-campaign-spending-1024x534.png 1024w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1069\" height=\"557\" \/>\r\n\r\nLa Corte Suprema ha afirmado que los estadounidenses tienen derecho a saber qui\u00e9n gasta dinero para influir en sus votos y opiniones. Ocho jueces respaldaron la importancia de la divulgaci\u00f3n <em>Ciudadanos unidos<\/em>, aun cuando el resto de la opini\u00f3n (que s\u00f3lo cont\u00f3 con el apoyo de cinco jueces) demostr\u00f3 cu\u00e1n desconectada est\u00e1 la Corte de c\u00f3mo se llevan a cabo las campa\u00f1as al asumir incorrectamente que ya existe una divulgaci\u00f3n adecuada.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"<blockquote>\u201cThe court declared, \u2018With the advent of the Internet, prompt disclosure of expenditures can provide shareholders and citizens with the information needed to hold corporations and elected officials accountable for their positions and supporters.\u2019 It also said that disclosure \u2018permits citizens and shareholders to react to the speech of corporate entities in a proper way. This transparency enables the electorate to make informed decisions and give proper weight to different speakers and messages.\u2019 And the court expressed enthusiasm that technology today makes disclosure \u2018rapid and informative.\u2019 What went wrong? The court\u2019s vision of disclosure and transparency is nowhere in sight. In fact, campaign finance in the United States has, by many measures, fallen into an era dominated by \u2018dark money,\u2019 with donors hiding in the shadows and hundreds of millions of dollars of contributions flowing through politics without a trace of who gave it or why.\u201d\r\n\r\nWashington Post Editorial Board, January 20, 2015<\/blockquote>"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"Unfortunately, any comprehensive analysis of the NRA\u2019s political spending is inherently incomplete. The NRA uses its \u201cInstitute for Legislative Action\u201d [ILA] to do most of its political spending. The ILA is an arm of the NRA that keeps its donors secret. About <strong>$34 million<\/strong> of the <strong>$54 million<\/strong> that the NRA reported to the Federal Election Commission in the 2016 cycle \u2013 <strong>more than 60% of its total<\/strong> \u2013 came through the ILA. <a id=\"return-note-24-30\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Center for Responsive Politics, Outside Spending Summary 2016, National Rifle Association, https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/outsidespending\/detail.php?cycle=2016&amp;cmte=National+Rifle+Assn (last accessed March 14, 2018).\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-30\"><sup>30<\/sup><\/a>\r\n\r\nSecond, some campaign spending often goes unreported because our laws have not kept pace with how groups use changing technology to influence elections. As McClatchy reported in 2016, \u201ctwo people with close connections to the powerful gun lobby said its total election spending [during the 2016 cycle] actually <strong>approached or exceeded $70 million<\/strong> [far more than the $54 million reported to the FEC]. The reporting gap could be explained by the fact that independent groups are not required to reveal how much they spend on [certain] Internet or field operations, including get-out-the-vote efforts.\u201d <a id=\"return-note-24-31\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Peter Stone and Greg Gordon, \u201cFBI Investigating Whether Russian Money Went to the NRA to Help Trump,\u201d McClatchy, Jan. 23, 2018, http:\/\/www.mcclatchydc.com\/news\/nation-world\/national\/article195231139.html.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-31\"><sup>31<\/sup><\/a>\r\n\r\nThere is also the matter of foreign interference in our elections. The FBI is investigating whether Russian nationals who are close to the Kremlin \u201cfunneled money to the National Rifle Association to help Donald Trump win the election,\u201d according to McClatchy. <a id=\"return-note-24-32\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Id.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-32\"><sup>32<\/sup><\/a> Moreover, \u201ca prominent Kremlin-linked Russian politician has methodically cultivated ties with leaders of the National Rifle Association and documented efforts in real time over six years to leverage those connections and gain deeper access into American politics,\u201d according to NPR. <a id=\"return-note-24-33\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Tim Mak, \u201cDepth of Russian Politician\u2019s Cultivation of NRA Ties Revealed,\u201d NPR, March 1, 2018, https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2018\/03\/01\/590076949\/depth-of-russian-politicians-cultivation-of-nra-ties-revealed.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-33\"><sup>33<\/sup><\/a>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_174\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"963\"]<img class=\"wp-image-174 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/03\/nra-campaign-spending.png\" sizes=\"(max-width: 963px) 100vw, 963px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/03\/nra-campaign-spending.png 963w, https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/03\/nra-campaign-spending-300x285.png 300w, https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/03\/nra-campaign-spending-768x730.png 768w\" alt=\"\" width=\"963\" height=\"915\" \/> Common Cause analysis of data from the Center for Responsive Politics; includes direct contributions to candidates from NRA employees and its PAC as well as indirect support via independent expenditures. Only includes spending from 1989 to the present.[\/caption]"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"<h2>Gastos de lobby de la NRA<\/h2>"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"Lobbying is another strategy that the NRA uses to accomplish its political goals. It is a prolific spender on Capitol Hill.\r\n\r\nIn recent years, the NRA has increased its federal lobbying spending dramatically, going from <strong>$1,815,000<\/strong> in 2007 to <strong>$5,122,000<\/strong> in 2017 \u2014 more than a <strong>182<\/strong>% increase.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_173\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1034\"]<img class=\"wp-image-173 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/03\/nra-lobbying-expenditures.png\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1034px) 100vw, 1034px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/03\/nra-lobbying-expenditures.png 1034w, https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/03\/nra-lobbying-expenditures-300x172.png 300w, https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/03\/nra-lobbying-expenditures-768x440.png 768w, https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/03\/nra-lobbying-expenditures-1024x587.png 1024w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1034\" height=\"593\" \/> Common Cause analysis of lobbying data from Center for Responsive Politics[\/caption]\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">NRA Federal Lobbying Expenditure<\/p>\r\nIts federal lobbying has secured votes on some of its priorities \u2013 and blocked bills that it opposes.\r\n\r\nSince Congress passed an assault weapons ban in 1994, which it allowed to expire in 2004, not much substantive gun legislation has been signed into law. One exception is the \u201c<strong>Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act;<\/strong>\u201d President George W. Bush signed it in 2005. The law shields corporations which manufacture and sell weapons from liability when their products harm people. The NRA called this legislation a \u201cvitally important first step toward ending the anti-gun lobby\u2019s shameless attempts to bankrupt the American firearms industry.\u201d <a id=\"return-note-24-34\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act,\u201d National Rifle Association Institute for Legislative Action,\u201d April 1, 2010, https:\/\/www.nraila.org\/articles\/20100401\/protection-of-lawful-commerce-in-arms.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-34\"><sup>34<\/sup><\/a>\r\n\r\nOther gun measures have all failed. The House and Senate have voted on proposals to close the \u201cgun show loophole\u201d to require purchasers at gun shows to undergo background checks and three-day waiting periods. None have gone to the president\u2019s desk.\r\n\r\nOther NRA priorities have gained momentum. In 2017, the House of Representatives passed the \u201c<strong>Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act<\/strong>\u201d to permit concealed handguns across state lines. It awaits action in the Senate. The NRA has pushed this proposal as one of its priority bills.\r\n\r\nThe NRA\u2019s legislative advocacy is not limited to gun-related legislation, however. It has also been a stalwart opponent of the <strong>DISCLOSE Act<\/strong>, legislation that would shine a light on secret money in politics, including the money that is flowing through its Institute for Legislative Action, as discussed above. In 2017 \u2013 a year after it spent $33 million from secret sources influencing the 2016 election \u2013 the NRA listed the DISCLOSE Act as one of the bills it paid its lobbyists to defeat. The DISCLOSE Act is one of the bills that the NRA lists most frequently on its lobbying reports."}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"<h2>La NRA y el Consejo Estadounidense de Intercambio Legislativo (ALEC)<\/h2>"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"Much of the NRA\u2019s work occurs at the state level, where it has used the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) to pursue its policy agenda. One of the most notorious laws that the NRA has pushed for the past decade is known as \u201cstand your ground.\u201d\r\n\r\nALEC brings state legislators and corporate lobbyists together behind closed doors to draft and plot the passage of \u201cmodel legislation\u201d that furthers the corporate interests of its members. <a id=\"return-note-24-35\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Mike McIntire, \u201cUna organizaci\u00f3n conservadora sin fines de lucro act\u00faa como un grupo de presi\u00f3n empresarial encubierto\u201d, New York Times, 21 de abril de 2012, http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/04\/22\/us\/alec-a-tax-exempt-group-mixes-legislators-and-lobbyists.html.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-35\"><sup>35<\/sup><\/a> ALEC\u2019s state legislative members take the model bills and introduce them in state legislatures throughout the country. ALEC staff offers state legislators talking points, boilerplate press releases, and other support to help push the bills over the finish line. ALEC describes itself as a charity, but Common Cause has filed a whistleblower complaint with the Internal Revenue Service challenging its charitable tax status, which gives ALEC\u2019s corporate donors a tax write-off for their support of the work that ALEC does to influence corporate-backed legislation.\r\n\r\nIn 2005, Florida adopted a \u201cstand your ground\u201d law that grants individuals a right to use deadly force, without any duty to retreat, if they reasonably believe it is necessary to \u201cprevent death or great bodily harm \u2026 or to prevent he commission of a forcible felony.\u201d <a id=\"return-note-24-36\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Conferencia Nacional de Legislaturas Estatales, \u201cAutodefensa y &#039;defensa propia&#039;\u201d, 9 de marzo de 2017, http:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/civil-and-criminal-justice\/self-defense-and-stand-your-ground.aspx\/.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-36\"><sup>36<\/sup><\/a> En otras palabras, \u201cdefenderse\u201d es una \u201cdoctrina de autodefensa que esencialmente permite a cualquiera que se sienta amenazado en una confrontaci\u00f3n abrirse paso a tiros\u201d, seg\u00fan Mother Jones. <a id=\"return-note-24-37\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Adam Weinstein, \u201cC\u00f3mo la NRA y sus aliados ayudaron a difundir una ley radical de armas en todo el pa\u00eds\u201d, 7 de junio de 2012, Mother Jones, https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2012\/06\/nra-alec-stand-your-ground\/.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-37\"><sup>37<\/sup><\/a>\r\n\r\nDespu\u00e9s de que Florida aprobara la ley de \u201cdefensa propia\u201d, el entonces vicepresidente ejecutivo de la NRA, Wayne LaPierre, dijo que era \u201cel primer paso de una estrategia multiestatal. Tenemos un gran impulso, al pasar de una legislatura estatal a otra\u201d. <a id=\"return-note-24-38\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Manuel Roig-Franzia, \u201cLa ley de armas de Florida ampliar\u00e1 el margen de maniobra para la autodefensa\u201d, 25 de abril de 2005, Washington Post, http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-dyn\/content\/article\/2005\/04\/25\/AR2005042501553.html.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-38\"><sup>38<\/sup><\/a>\r\n\r\nCon la ayuda de ALEC, el viento de cola se sinti\u00f3 en todo el pa\u00eds. Un cabildero de la NRA tom\u00f3 la ley de Florida y trabaj\u00f3 con miembros de ALEC en el \u201cGrupo de Trabajo de Justicia Penal\u201d de ALEC para redactar una legislaci\u00f3n modelo de \u201cdefensa propia\u201d que se aprob\u00f3 en varias formas. <a id=\"return-note-24-39\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"John Nichols, \u201cC\u00f3mo ALEC convirti\u00f3 en nacional la ley de \u201clicencia para matar\u201d de Florida, The Nation, 22 de marzo de 2012, https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/how-alec-took-floridas-license-kill-law-national\/.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-39\"><sup>39<\/sup><\/a> en al menos 24 estados. <a id=\"return-note-24-40\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Conferencia Nacional de Legislaturas Estatales, \u201cAutodefensa y &#039;defensa propia&#039;\u201d, 9 de marzo de 2017, http:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/civil-and-criminal-justice\/self-defense-and-stand-your-ground.aspx\/.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-40\"><sup>40<\/sup><\/a> La ley de Florida estuvo en juego en el juicio publicitado a nivel nacional de George Zimmerman, quien fue absuelto por motivos de leg\u00edtima defensa despu\u00e9s de matar a Trayvon Martin, un adolescente negro desarmado, en 2012.<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-172\" src=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/03\/states-with-stand-your-ground.png\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1226px) 100vw, 1226px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/03\/states-with-stand-your-ground.png 1226w, https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/03\/states-with-stand-your-ground-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/03\/states-with-stand-your-ground-768x444.png 768w, https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2018\/03\/states-with-stand-your-ground-1024x591.png 1024w\" alt=\"\" width=\"1226\" height=\"708\" \/>"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"<h2>Soluciones para reequilibrar nuestra democracia<\/h2>"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"Americans continue to organize to advance policies that will safeguard our communities from the crisis of gun violence. With every surge in the shocking violence affecting our towns, neighborhoods, and schools, people renew their pushes for changes to the laws that regulate how guns are bought, sold, and handled.\r\n\r\nDespite the public support they enjoy, most of these proposals stall. People often cite the NRA\u2019s political contributions as a major reason for the ongoing stalemate. And as this report has detailed, the NRA\u2019s organizing power and political spending are significant. Too many politicians are beholden to the NRA and fear its influence in their election.\r\n\r\nThat\u2019s where voters come in.\r\n\r\nOur democracy should be of, by, and for the people. We need to restore balance to our elections, and ensure everyone has an equal voice and equal say in the decisions that affect our lives \u2013 including laws that protect our schools, our homes, and our communities from gun violence.\r\n\r\nWorking together, we can strengthen our democracy to make our leaders more responsive to their real bosses \u2013 we the people. Here are five concrete solutions to shift power away from special interests like the NRA and empower the rest of us. There is more we must do \u2013 but here are places we can start to make our democracy more accountable and reflective.\r\n\r\n<strong>1. \u00a1Reg\u00edstrate y vota!<\/strong> Votar es la herramienta m\u00e1s importante que tenemos como ciudadanos para exigir cuentas a nuestros funcionarios electos. Nuestros votos nos hacen a todos iguales y m\u00e1s poderosos de lo que creemos, pero solo si nos presentamos y los emitimos. En muchas jurisdicciones, puede registrarse para votar en l\u00ednea. En otros lugares, es posible que le pidan que env\u00ede por correo un formulario de registro de votante o que lo lleve a su oficina electoral local. En muchos estados, los j\u00f3venes pueden \u201cpreinscribirse\u201d para votar antes de cumplir los 18 a\u00f1os. Puede averiguar c\u00f3mo registrarse en su estado visitando <a href=\"http:\/\/www.vote.org\/\">http:\/\/www.vote.org\/<\/a>Si tiene problemas para registrarse o alguna pregunta sobre la votaci\u00f3n, incluido el tipo de identificaci\u00f3n que puede necesitar llevar a las urnas, las reglas para la votaci\u00f3n anticipada y la ubicaci\u00f3n de su lugar de votaci\u00f3n, puede llamar a una l\u00ednea directa de protecci\u00f3n electoral no partidista administrada por la Coalici\u00f3n de Protecci\u00f3n Electoral. El n\u00famero de tel\u00e9fono es 866-OUR-VOTE; tambi\u00e9n puede visitar la coalici\u00f3n de protecci\u00f3n electoral en l\u00ednea en <a href=\"http:\/\/www.866ourvote.org\/\">www.866OurVote.org<\/a>.\r\n\r\n<strong>2. Inste a su estado a implementar pol\u00edticas para modernizar la manera en que los estadounidenses pueden participar en el proceso electoral. Las pol\u00edticas incluyen la preinscripci\u00f3n para los j\u00f3venes de 16 y 17 a\u00f1os, el registro autom\u00e1tico de votantes y la votaci\u00f3n anticipada.<\/strong> Todo estadounidense que re\u00fana los requisitos tiene derecho a votar, y el proceso debe reflejar la forma en que vivimos y trabajamos en el siglo XXI. La votaci\u00f3n debe ser c\u00f3moda, segura, justa y accesible para todos los estadounidenses. Eso significa aprobar e implementar pol\u00edticas innovadoras para agilizar el proceso de registro y modernizar la administraci\u00f3n electoral.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Registro autom\u00e1tico de votantes<\/strong> ayudar\u00e1 a modernizar los sistemas y bases de datos de registro de votantes obsoletos en la mayor\u00eda de los estados. El registro autom\u00e1tico de votantes elegibles cuando hacen negocios con los Departamentos de Veh\u00edculos Motorizados y otras agencias gubernamentales agilizar\u00e1 nuestros sistemas. Nueve estados y el Distrito de Columbia han aprobado el registro autom\u00e1tico de votantes, y se est\u00e1 generando impulso para aprobar esta reforma de sentido com\u00fan en otras jurisdicciones. A medida que se implemente esta pol\u00edtica, tiene el potencial de agregar decenas de millones de votantes a las listas electorales.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Preinscripci\u00f3n para j\u00f3venes de 16 y 17 a\u00f1os<\/strong> Permite a los j\u00f3venes inscribirse para votar, de modo que puedan hacer o\u00edr su voz en las primeras elecciones en las que puedan participar. Diecis\u00e9is estados y el Distrito de Columbia tienen esta pol\u00edtica en vigor.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Votaci\u00f3n anticipada<\/strong> ayuda a garantizar que la votaci\u00f3n sea justa y accesible. Los estadounidenses deber\u00edan tener cierta flexibilidad a la hora de emitir su voto. La mayor\u00eda de los estados permiten alguna forma de votaci\u00f3n anticipada durante un per\u00edodo determinado antes de la elecci\u00f3n. Esto garantiza que los estadounidenses que trabajan o pueden estar de viaje el d\u00eda de la elecci\u00f3n puedan emitir su voto. Sin embargo, 13 estados no permiten la votaci\u00f3n anticipada y requieren una excusa espec\u00edfica para votar en ausencia. Obtenga m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n sobre los procedimientos de su estado visitando el sitio web no partidista Election Protection, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.866ourvote.org\/\">www.866OurVote.org<\/a>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>3. Cambiar la forma en que financiamos las campa\u00f1as pol\u00edticas para empoderar a todos los estadounidenses, no s\u00f3lo a unos pocos ricos.<\/strong> Esto significa impulsar el papel de los donantes de peque\u00f1as cantidades de dinero en nuestras elecciones. Con cada ciclo electoral, nuestros l\u00edderes electos dependen de contribuciones cada vez mayores de una proporci\u00f3n cada vez menor de nuestra poblaci\u00f3n. Como resultado, nuestros l\u00edderes escuchan m\u00e1s a un pu\u00f1ado de donantes con mucho dinero e intereses que a los estadounidenses comunes. Para asegurar que todos tengan una voz real en la pol\u00edtica, necesitamos pol\u00edticas que coloquen a los donantes de peque\u00f1as cantidades de dinero en el centro de la financiaci\u00f3n de las campa\u00f1as, utilizando fondos p\u00fablicos de contrapartida, cr\u00e9ditos fiscales o vales de peque\u00f1as cantidades de dinero para alentar y complementar sus donaciones. Brindar apoyo financiero p\u00fablico para amplificar el papel de los estadounidenses comunes en la financiaci\u00f3n de las elecciones tambi\u00e9n permite que m\u00e1s personas se postulen para un cargo, lo que ayuda a elegir funcionarios que reflejen mejor a la comunidad en general, y permite a los candidatos dedicar m\u00e1s tiempo a escuchar a sus electores, y conduce a pol\u00edticas m\u00e1s sensibles a las necesidades p\u00fablicas y menos sesgadas por los intereses de los ricos. Connecticut tiene uno de los sistemas electorales voluntarios financiados por los ciudadanos m\u00e1s eficaces de nuestro pa\u00eds, con m\u00e1s de 75% de candidatos exitosos que participan en el programa. A diferencia del Congreso, la legislatura de Connecticut aprob\u00f3 cambios importantes en sus leyes de armas a ra\u00edz del tiroteo en la escuela primaria Sandy Hook. <a id=\"return-note-24-41\" class=\"simple-footnote\" title=\"Lisa W. Foderaro y Kristin Hussey, \u201cA ra\u00edz de la masacre de Florida, los defensores del control de armas miran a Connecticut\u201d, NY Times, 17 de febrero de 2018, https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/02\/17\/nyregion\/florida-shooting-parkland-gun-control-connecticut.html.\" href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#note-24-41\"><sup>41<\/sup><\/a>El estado prohibi\u00f3 m\u00e1s de 100 tipos de armas de asalto, cargadores de armas con capacidad para m\u00e1s de 10 balas y ampli\u00f3 las verificaciones de antecedentes, entre otros cambios a sus leyes. Grandes municipios de todo el pa\u00eds est\u00e1n adoptando estos programas.\r\n\r\n<strong>4. Sacar a la luz el dinero secreto en la pol\u00edtica.<\/strong> Una democracia fuerte en el siglo XXI requiere leyes de transparencia y divulgaci\u00f3n s\u00f3lidas para que todos sepan qui\u00e9n financia las campa\u00f1as pol\u00edticas. El dinero secreto en las elecciones es inaceptable y antidemocr\u00e1tico. M\u00e1s de 1.800 millones de d\u00f3lares provenientes de fuentes secretas han infectado nuestras elecciones a nivel federal solamente desde Citizens United en 2010. Como se describi\u00f3 anteriormente, la mayor parte del gasto de la NRA en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os ha venido con una divulgaci\u00f3n muy limitada, y ha luchado mucho para mantenerlo as\u00ed al presionar contra la Ley DISCLOSE en el Congreso. Aun as\u00ed, estados como California, Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, Montana, Nuevo M\u00e9xico y Rhode Island est\u00e1n liderando el camino con leyes de divulgaci\u00f3n mejoradas para las elecciones estatales.\r\n\r\n<strong>5. Crear #FairMaps y acabar con la manipulaci\u00f3n de los distritos electorales.<\/strong> Democracy should mean that everyone counts and has fair and equal representation. Voters should pick their elected representatives, rather than having politicians pick their constituents. Building off several legal victories and successes in creating strong systems in California and Arizona, efforts to implement solutions that increase fairness and transparency in drawing political boundaries are moving across the country. Redistricting that puts people first requires several elements. Every person living in a community must be fully and accurately counted. This can be achieved through improved census outreach and data collection while ending prison gerrymandering, the counting of prisoners where the prison is located instead of where they previously lived. Districts must adhere to the requirements of the Voting Rights Act and decision-makers should prioritize keeping communities of interest together. A transparent process that allows the public to fully engage requires meetings of decision-makers to be held in public, enforces strong conflict of interest protections, and makes data and software being used to draw districts publicly available. No deliberations among decision-makers should be kept from the people through legislative privilege or other means.\r\n\r\nOf course, none of these solutions alone will solve all our problems. But they will help to elevate the power of everyday Americans.\r\n\r\nTo learn more about these solutions, and to sign-up for action alerts nationally and in your state, sign-up at <a href=\"http:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/es\/\">causacom\u00fan-mig.loc<\/a> y prep\u00e1rate para conectarte y participar."}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"<h2>Expresiones de gratitud<\/h2>"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"Common Cause was founded in 1970 by John Gardner. Common Cause is a nonpartisan, grassroots organization dedicated to upholding the core values of American democracy. We work to create open, honest, and accountable government that serves the public interest; promote equal rights, opportunity, and representation for all; and empower all people to make their voices heard in the political process.\r\n\r\nThis report was produced with the support of small dollar contributions from Americans who believe in transparent, open, and accountable government and a democracy that works for all of us.\r\n\r\nThis report was written by Stephen Spaulding and Jesse Littlewood of Common Cause.\r\n\r\nThe authors wish to express their thanks to Karen Hobert Flynn, Scott Swenson, Dale Eisman, and Paul Seamus Ryan of Common Cause for their advice on this report, and to Kerstin Diehn for her design."}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"<h2>Cont\u00e1ctenos<\/h2>"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"Para consultas de los medios, env\u00ede un correo electr\u00f3nico a David Vance a dvance AT commoncause DOT org. Para comentarios sobre el informe o este sitio, env\u00ede un correo electr\u00f3nico a CauseNet AT commoncause DOT org. Para participar en el trabajo de Common Cause para fortalecer nuestra democracia, env\u00edenos un correo electr\u00f3nico a grassroots AT commoncause DOT org y cu\u00e9ntenos qui\u00e9n es usted, d\u00f3nde vive y en qu\u00e9 le gustar\u00eda trabajar."}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"<h2>Notas al pie<\/h2>"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"<ol>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-1\">Estad\u00edsticas clave sobre violencia con armas de fuego, Campa\u00f1a Brady para prevenir la violencia con armas de fuego, http:\/\/www.bradycampaign.org\/key-gun-violence-statistics (\u00faltimo acceso el 10 de marzo de 2018). <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-1\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-2\">La violencia con armas de fuego en cifras, Everytown for Gun Safety, https:\/\/everytownresearch.org\/gun-violence-by-the-numbers\/ (\u00faltimo acceso el 10 de marzo de 2018). <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-2\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-3\">Emily Weyrauch, \u201cLos ni\u00f1os negros tienen 10 veces m\u00e1s probabilidades que los ni\u00f1os blancos de morir por armas de fuego, seg\u00fan un estudio\u201d, Time, 20 de junio de 2017, http:\/\/time.com\/4823524\/gun-violence-black-children-study\/. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-3\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-4\">Jamie Ducharme, \u201cM\u00e1s estadounidenses que nunca apoyan leyes de armas m\u00e1s estrictas, seg\u00fan una encuesta\u201d, Time, 20 de febrero de 2018, http:\/\/time.com\/5167216\/americans-gun-control-support-poll-2018\/. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-4\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-5\">Christopher Ingraham, \u201cNadie sabe cu\u00e1ntos miembros tiene la NRA, pero sus declaraciones de impuestos ofrecen algunas pistas\u201d, Washington Post, 26 de febrero de 2018, https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2018\/02\/26\/nobody-knows-how-many-members-the-nra-has-but-its-tax-returns-offer-some-clues\/. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-5\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-6\">Una breve historia de la NRA, Asociaci\u00f3n Nacional del Rifle, https:\/\/home.nra.org\/about-the-nra\/. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-6\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-7\">Christopher Ingraham, \u201cNadie sabe cu\u00e1ntos miembros tiene la NRA, pero sus declaraciones de impuestos ofrecen algunas pistas\u201d, Washington Post, 26 de febrero de 2018, https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/wonk\/wp\/2018\/02\/26\/nobody-knows-how-many-members-the-nra-has-but-its-tax-returns-offer-some-clues\/. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-7\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-8\">Hahrie Han, \u201c\u00bfQuiere control de armas? Aprenda de la NRA\u201d, New York Times, 4 de octubre de 2018, https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/10\/04\/opinion\/gun-control-nra-vegas.html. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-8\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-9\">Barbara Goldberg y Gina Cherelus, \u201cSocios corporativos cortan v\u00ednculos con la NRA mientras se intensifica el debate sobre el control de armas\u201d, Reuters, 23 de febrero de 2018, https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-guns-boycott\/corporate-partners-cut-cord-with-nra-as-gun-control-debate-rages-idUSKCN1G71OX. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-9\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-10\">Entrenamiento de armas de fuego de la NRA, Asociaci\u00f3n Nacional del Rifle, https:\/\/firearmtraining.nra.org\/ <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-10\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-11\">\u201cC\u00f3mo la industria de armas de Estados Unidos est\u00e1 vinculada a la NRA\u201d, NPR, 13 de marzo de 2018, https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2018\/03\/13\/593255356\/how-americas-gun-industry-is-tied-to-the-nra. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-11\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-12\">Edith Honan, \u201cEncuesta descubre que los propietarios de armas, incluso los miembros de la NRA, respaldan algunas restricciones\u201d, https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-usa-shooting-denver-guns\/poll-finds-gun-owners-even-nra-members-back-some-restrictions-idUSBRE86O02O20120725. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-12\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-13\">Colleen L. Barry, Ph. D., et al, \u201cDespu\u00e9s de Newtown: opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica sobre la pol\u00edtica de armas y las enfermedades mentales\u201d, New England Journal of Medicine, 21 de marzo de 2013, http:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMp1300512?query=featured_home&amp;. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-13\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-14\">Verificaci\u00f3n de antecedentes para armas, Instituto de Acci\u00f3n Legislativa de la Asociaci\u00f3n Nacional del Rifle, 8 de agosto de 2016, https:\/\/www.nraila.org\/get-the-facts\/background-checks-nics\/. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-14\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-15\">Eric Lipton y Alexander Burns, \u201cLa verdadera fuente de la influencia de la NRA: movilizaci\u00f3n, no donaciones\u201d, 24 de febrero de 2018, https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/02\/24\/us\/politics\/nra-gun-control-florida.html. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-15\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-16\">Chris McGreal, &#039;La NRA no toler\u00f3 bien el disenso&#039;: c\u00f3mo el lobby de las armas se mantiene fiel a su mensaje, The Guardian, 23 de octubre de 2015, https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2015\/oct\/23\/national-rifle-association-gun-lobby-wayne-lapierre\/ <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-16\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-17\">Formulario 990 del IRS de 2015 para la Asociaci\u00f3n Nacional del Rifle, https:\/\/projects.propublica.org\/nonprofits\/organizations\/530116130. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-17\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-18\">Center for Responsive Politics, Resumen de gastos externos 2016, Asociaci\u00f3n Nacional del Rifle, https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/outsidespending\/detail.php?cycle=2016&amp;cmte=National+Rifle+Assn (\u00faltimo acceso el 14 de marzo de 2018). https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/outsidespending\/contrib.php?cmte=C90013301&amp;cycle=2016 <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-18\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-19\">Violence Policy Center, Blood Money II: C\u00f3mo los d\u00f3lares de la industria de las armas financian a la NRA, 13 de septiembre de 2015 http:\/\/www.vpc.org\/studies\/bloodmoney2.pdf. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-19\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-20\">Apoyando a la NRA, Midway USA, https:\/\/www.midwayusa.com\/nra-support. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-20\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-21\">Walter Hickey, \u201cEsto es a qui\u00e9n representa realmente la NRA\u201d, Business Insider, 19 de diciembre de 2012, http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/the-nra-has-sold-out-to-the-gun-industry-to-become-their-top-crisis-pr-firm-2012-12. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-21\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-22\">Gracias por comprar un arma de fuego de Taurus, https:\/\/www.taurususa.com\/pdf\/NRA\/Taurus-NRA-Free-Membership-Print.pdf. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-22\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-23\">Derechos de armas vs. Control de armas, Center for Responsive Politics, https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/news\/issues\/guns (\u00faltimo acceso el 13 de marzo de 2018). <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-23\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-24\">Identificaci\u00f3n. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-24\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-25\">An\u00e1lisis de Common Cause de las cifras proporcionadas por el Instituto Nacional del Dinero en la Pol\u00edtica Estatal, https:\/\/www.followthemoney.org\/show-me?f-fc=2&amp;d-eid=1854#[{1|gro=y (\u00faltimo acceso el 14 de marzo de 2018). <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-25\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-26\">Derechos de armas vs. Control de armas, Center for Responsive Politics, https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/news\/issues\/guns (\u00faltimo acceso el 13 de marzo de 2018). <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-26\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-27\">Centro de Pol\u00edticas Responsables, Resumen del gasto externo 2016, Asociaci\u00f3n Nacional del Rifle, https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/outsidespending\/detail.php?cycle=2016&amp;cmte=National+Rifle+Assn (\u00faltimo acceso el 14 de marzo de 2018). <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-27\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-28\">Identificaci\u00f3n. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-28\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-29\">Derechos de armas vs. Control de armas, Center for Responsive Politics, https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/news\/issues\/guns (\u00faltimo acceso el 13 de marzo de 2018). <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-29\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-30\">Centro de Pol\u00edticas Responsables, Resumen del gasto externo 2016, Asociaci\u00f3n Nacional del Rifle, https:\/\/www.opensecrets.org\/outsidespending\/detail.php?cycle=2016&amp;cmte=National+Rifle+Assn (\u00faltimo acceso el 14 de marzo de 2018). <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-30\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-31\">Peter Stone y Greg Gordon, \u201cEl FBI investiga si el dinero ruso fue a la NRA para ayudar a Trump\u201d, McClatchy, 23 de enero de 2018, http:\/\/www.mcclatchydc.com\/news\/nation-world\/national\/article195231139.html. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-31\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-32\">Identificaci\u00f3n. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-32\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-33\">Tim Mak, \u201cSe revela la profundidad del cultivo de v\u00ednculos con la NRA por parte de pol\u00edticos rusos\u201d, NPR, 1 de marzo de 2018, https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2018\/03\/01\/590076949\/depth-of-russian-politicians-cultivation-of-nra-ties-revealed. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-33\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-34\">Ley de Protecci\u00f3n del Comercio L\u00edcito de Armas\u201d, Instituto de Acci\u00f3n Legislativa de la Asociaci\u00f3n Nacional del Rifle\u201d, 1 de abril de 2010, https:\/\/www.nraila.org\/articles\/20100401\/protection-of-lawful-commerce-in-arms. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-34\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-35\">Mike McIntire, \u201cUna organizaci\u00f3n conservadora sin fines de lucro act\u00faa como un grupo de presi\u00f3n empresarial encubierto\u201d, New York Times, 21 de abril de 2012, http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2012\/04\/22\/us\/alec-a-tax-exempt-group-mixes-legislators-and-lobbyists.html. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-35\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-36\">Conferencia Nacional de Legislaturas Estatales, \u201cAutodefensa y &#039;defensa propia&#039;\u201d, 9 de marzo de 2017, http:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/civil-and-criminal-justice\/self-defense-and-stand-your-ground.aspx\/. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-36\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-37\">Adam Weinstein, \u201cC\u00f3mo la NRA y sus aliados ayudaron a difundir una ley radical de armas en todo el pa\u00eds\u201d, 7 de junio de 2012, Mother Jones, https:\/\/www.motherjones.com\/politics\/2012\/06\/nra-alec-stand-your-ground\/. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-37\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-38\">Manuel Roig-Franzia, \u201cLa ley de armas de Florida ampliar\u00e1 el margen de maniobra para la autodefensa\u201d, 25 de abril de 2005, Washington Post, http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-dyn\/content\/article\/2005\/04\/25\/AR2005042501553.html. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-38\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-39\">John Nichols, \u201cC\u00f3mo ALEC convirti\u00f3 en nacional la ley de \u201clicencia para matar\u201d de Florida, The Nation, 22 de marzo de 2012, https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/how-alec-took-floridas-license-kill-law-national\/. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-39\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-40\">Conferencia Nacional de Legislaturas Estatales, \u201cAutodefensa y &#039;defensa propia&#039;\u201d, 9 de marzo de 2017, http:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/civil-and-criminal-justice\/self-defense-and-stand-your-ground.aspx\/. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-40\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"note-24-41\">Lisa W. Foderaro y Kristin Hussey, \u201cA ra\u00edz de la masacre de Florida, los defensores del control de armas miran a Connecticut\u201d, NY Times, 17 de febrero de 2018, https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/02\/17\/nyregion\/florida-shooting-parkland-gun-control-connecticut.html. <a href=\"https:\/\/takingonthenra.org\/#return-note-24-41\">\u21a9<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_add_component","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_add_component":null},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_work","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_work":{"heading":"Work","manually_curate":false,"work":null}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_resources","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_resources":{"heading":"Related Resources","button_text":"See all Related Resources","manually_curate":false,"resource":null}}]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.6 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Power Shift: How People Can Take on the NRA Report - Common Cause<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/es\/recursos-2\/cambio-de-poder-como-las-personas-pueden-enfrentarse-al-informe-de-la-nra\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Power Shift: How People Can Take on the NRA Report\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/es\/recursos-2\/cambio-de-poder-como-las-personas-pueden-enfrentarse-al-informe-de-la-nra\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Common Cause\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CommonCause\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-06-13T23:51:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/CC-Share-Graphic-Main9.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"630\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@CommonCause\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/resources\/power-shift-how-people-can-take-on-the-nra-report\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/resources\/power-shift-how-people-can-take-on-the-nra-report\/\",\"name\":\"Power Shift: How People Can Take on the NRA Report - Common Cause\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2022-06-07T17:25:55+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-06-13T23:51:51+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/resources\/power-shift-how-people-can-take-on-the-nra-report\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/resources\/power-shift-how-people-can-take-on-the-nra-report\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/resources\/power-shift-how-people-can-take-on-the-nra-report\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Power Shift: How People Can Take on the NRA Report\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/\",\"name\":\"Common Cause\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Common Cause\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Common-Cause-Logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Common-Cause-Logo.png\",\"width\":2066,\"height\":331,\"caption\":\"Common Cause\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CommonCause\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/CommonCause\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/ourcommoncause\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Cambio de poder: c\u00f3mo la gente puede enfrentarse al informe de la NRA - Common Cause","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/es\/recursos-2\/cambio-de-poder-como-las-personas-pueden-enfrentarse-al-informe-de-la-nra\/","og_locale":"es_MX","og_type":"article","og_title":"Power Shift: How People Can Take on the NRA Report","og_url":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/es\/recursos-2\/cambio-de-poder-como-las-personas-pueden-enfrentarse-al-informe-de-la-nra\/","og_site_name":"Common Cause","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CommonCause","article_modified_time":"2024-06-13T23:51:51+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":630,"url":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/CC-Share-Graphic-Main9.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@CommonCause","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/resources\/power-shift-how-people-can-take-on-the-nra-report\/","url":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/resources\/power-shift-how-people-can-take-on-the-nra-report\/","name":"Cambio de poder: c\u00f3mo la gente puede enfrentarse al informe de la NRA - Common Cause","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/#website"},"datePublished":"2022-06-07T17:25:55+00:00","dateModified":"2024-06-13T23:51:51+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/resources\/power-shift-how-people-can-take-on-the-nra-report\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"es","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/resources\/power-shift-how-people-can-take-on-the-nra-report\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/resources\/power-shift-how-people-can-take-on-the-nra-report\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Power Shift: How People Can Take on the NRA Report"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/","name":"Causa com\u00fan","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/#organization","name":"Causa com\u00fan","url":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Common-Cause-Logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Common-Cause-Logo.png","width":2066,"height":331,"caption":"Common Cause"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/CommonCause","https:\/\/x.com\/CommonCause","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/ourcommoncause\/"]}]}},"distributor_meta":false,"distributor_terms":false,"distributor_media":false,"distributor_original_site_name":"Common Cause","distributor_original_site_url":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/es","push-errors":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource\/12003","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/resource"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource\/12003\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20005,"href":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource\/12003\/revisions\/20005"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12003"}],"curies":[{"name":"Gracias","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}