{"id":1795,"date":"2024-09-20T14:44:19","date_gmt":"2024-09-20T21:44:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/california\/?post_type=article&#038;p=1795"},"modified":"2025-07-29T10:00:52","modified_gmt":"2025-07-29T17:00:52","slug":"california-initiative-for-technology-and-democracy-cited-first-amendment-notes","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/california\/fr\/articles\/linitiative-californienne-pour-la-technologie-et-la-democratie-cite-les-notes-du-premier-amendement\/","title":{"rendered":"CIT\u00c9 : Notes sur le premier amendement"},"template":"","class_list":["post-1795","article","type-article","status-publish","hentry","article_type-article"],"acf":{"details":{"summary":"AB 2839 and AB 2655 are narrowly tailored and carefully crafted to address the worst election disinformation without compromising free speech, inhibiting our political conversation, or inadvertently compromising harmless content. ","featured_image":"","article_type":84,"authors":"","related_issues":[102,430],"related_work":false,"location":null},"sidebar":{"helper_enable_sidebar":false,"helper_media_contact":{"heading":"Media Contact","manually_enter_person":false,"person":"","name":"","role":"","phone":"","email":""},"helper_links_downloads":{"heading":"Links & Downloads","links":null}},"page_layout":[{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_wysiwyg","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_wysiwyg":{"content":"<h3><b>Notes sur le premier amendement de la California Initiative for Technology and Democracy (CITED)<\/b><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le gouverneur Newsom a r\u00e9cemment <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.commoncause.org\/california\/fr\/press\/newsom-signe-les-premieres-lois-du-pays-pour-lutter-contre-la-menace-des-ais-non-reglementees-pour-la-democratie\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sign\u00e9 deux textes de loi<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la menace que repr\u00e9sente la d\u00e9sinformation aliment\u00e9e par l\u2019IA pour nos \u00e9lections. <\/span>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2839\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AB 2839<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2655\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AB 2655<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sont \u00e9troitement adapt\u00e9s et soigneusement \u00e9labor\u00e9s pour r\u00e9pondre aux pires d\u00e9sinformations \u00e9lectorales sans compromettre la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, sans entraver notre conversation politique ou sans compromettre par inadvertance un contenu inoffensif.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2839\"><b>AB 2839<\/b><\/a><\/h3>\r\n<strong>La nature limit\u00e9e de <a href=\"https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2839\">AB 2839<\/a><\/strong>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2839\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AB 2839<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, en vigueur imm\u00e9diatement, interdit les deepfakes politiques qui pr\u00e9sentent un candidat, un \u00e9lu ou un responsable \u00e9lectoral comme faisant ou disant quelque chose qu&#039;il n&#039;a pas fait ou dit, ou qui indiquent des \u00e9quipements \u00e9lectoraux et des sites de vote de mani\u00e8re mat\u00e9riellement fausse. Cette mesure vise pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment les pires formes de d\u00e9sinformation \u00e9lectorale.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elle ne s\u2019applique qu\u2019aux contenus deepfake \u00ab mat\u00e9riellement trompeurs \u00bb, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire qu\u2019elle ne s\u2019applique qu\u2019aux contenus qui tromperaient une personne raisonnable. Les contenus manifestement faux, humoristiques, caricaturaux ou satiriques ne sont pas concern\u00e9s par le projet de loi. (\u00a7 20012(b)(1))<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elle requiert une \u00ab malveillance \u00bb de la part de la personne qui diffuse le contenu deepfake mat\u00e9riellement trompeur, ce qui signifie qu\u2019elle ne s\u2019applique que si la personne sait que le contenu est faux ou agit avec un m\u00e9pris t\u00e9m\u00e9raire de la v\u00e9rit\u00e9. (\u00a7 20012(b)(1))<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les deepfakes politiques parodiques ou satiriques qui sont tellement hyperr\u00e9alistes qu&#039;ils tromperaient une personne raisonnable en lui faisant croire qu&#039;ils sont vrais doivent informer le spectateur que le contenu a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9 ou manipul\u00e9 num\u00e9riquement. (\u00a7 20012(b)(3))<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elle ne s&#039;applique que dans les 120 jours pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant une \u00e9lection et, pour les deepfakes concernant les responsables \u00e9lectoraux ou les syst\u00e8mes de vote, dans les 60 jours suivant l&#039;\u00e9lection. Elle ne s&#039;applique que lorsque le risque de d\u00e9sinformation \u00e9lectorale est le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9, et non pas \u00e0 tout moment. (\u00a7 20012(c))<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Seuls les mauvais acteurs ont de quoi s&#039;inqui\u00e9ter<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En bref, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2839\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AB 2839<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> interdit uniquement les deepfakes politiques qui sont destin\u00e9s \u00e0 tromper et qui sont si sophistiqu\u00e9s qu&#039;ils tromperaient une personne raisonnable. (La norme de la personne raisonnable est courante dans la loi et les tribunaux n&#039;ont aucune difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#039;appliquer dans divers domaines.) \u00c0 moins qu&#039;un utilisateur de m\u00e9dias sociaux ou un acteur politique ne tente de mentir et de tromper ses concitoyens am\u00e9ricains et de saper frauduleusement une \u00e9lection, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2839\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AB 2839<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ne les affecte pas.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Qu&#039;est-ce qui serait <a href=\"https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2839\">AB 2839<\/a> S&#039;appliquer \u00e0, en termes r\u00e9els ?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un exemple de deepfake politique auquel s&#039;appliquerait le projet de loi est l&#039;appel automatis\u00e9 de \u00ab Joe Biden \u00bb adress\u00e9 aux d\u00e9mocrates du New Hampshire avant les \u00e9lections primaires de cet \u00c9tat, les exhortant \u00e0 NE PAS voter. Le faux appel automatis\u00e9 avait pour but de tromper les \u00e9lecteurs et \u00e9tait suffisamment sophistiqu\u00e9 pour tromper presque n&#039;importe qui.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Quels sont les recours pr\u00e9vus par la loi ?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2839\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AB 2839<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> permet au destinataire ou \u00e0 la victime d&#039;un deepfake qui enfreint la loi d&#039;utiliser une proc\u00e9dure acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e pour arr\u00eater rapidement la propagation de la d\u00e9sinformation par le biais d&#039;une injonction et de demander des dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats si n\u00e9cessaire. Il n&#039;y a aucune responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale.<\/span>\r\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2655\"><b>AB 2655<\/b><\/a><\/h3>\r\n<strong>La nature limit\u00e9e de <a href=\"https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2655\">AB 2655<\/a><\/strong>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2655\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AB 2655<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, en vigueur \u00e0 compter du 1er janvier 2025, vise \u00e0 mettre fin, pendant une p\u00e9riode strictement limit\u00e9e avant et apr\u00e8s les \u00e9lections, \u00e0 la <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">en ligne<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> diffusion des pires deepfakes et de la d\u00e9sinformation visant malveillantement \u00e0 emp\u00eacher les \u00e9lecteurs de voter ou \u00e0 les inciter \u00e0 voter par erreur sur la base de contenus frauduleux.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le texte pr\u00e9voit que les grandes plateformes en ligne doivent supprimer ces contenus d\u00e8s qu&#039;elles en sont inform\u00e9es. Les contenus susceptibles d&#039;\u00eatre interdits se limitent aux deepfakes de candidats, de responsables \u00e9lectoraux et d&#039;\u00e9lus destin\u00e9s \u00e0 escroquer les \u00e9lecteurs. Le projet de loi exige \u00e9galement que d&#039;autres faux contenus en ligne li\u00e9s aux \u00e9lections soient \u00e9tiquet\u00e9s comme tels, l\u00e0 encore pour une dur\u00e9e limit\u00e9e.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elle ne s\u2019applique qu\u2019aux contenus deepfake \u00ab mat\u00e9riellement trompeurs \u00bb, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire qu\u2019elle ne s\u2019applique qu\u2019aux contenus qui tromperaient une personne raisonnable. Les contenus manifestement faux, humoristiques, caricaturaux ou satiriques ne sont pas concern\u00e9s par le projet de loi. (\u00a7 20513(a))<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cela exige que le contenu soit distribu\u00e9 avec malveillance. (\u00a7\u00a7 20513(a)(2)(C), 20514(a)(3))<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elle ne s&#039;applique que dans les 120 jours pr\u00e9c\u00e9dant une \u00e9lection et, pour les deepfakes concernant des responsables \u00e9lectoraux, dans les 60 jours suivant l&#039;\u00e9lection. Elle ne s&#039;applique que lorsque le risque de d\u00e9sinformation \u00e9lectorale est le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9, et non pas \u00e0 tout moment. (\u00a7 20513(e))<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La parodie ou la satire sont sp\u00e9cifiquement exempt\u00e9es de la l\u00e9gislation. (\u00a7 20519(c))<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Qu&#039;est-ce qui serait <a href=\"https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2655\">AB 2655<\/a> S&#039;appliquer \u00e0, en termes r\u00e9els ?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un exemple de deepfake politique auquel le projet de loi s&#039;appliquerait est une publication Tik Tok qui comprend un deepfake d&#039;un maire local \u00ab film\u00e9 \u00bb en train d&#039;accepter un pot-de-vin, juste avant le jour du scrutin, ou une publication X qui comprend un deepfake d&#039;un responsable \u00e9lectoral du comt\u00e9 affirmant que toutes leurs machines de vote ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pirat\u00e9es, juste apr\u00e8s le jour du scrutin.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Quels sont les recours pr\u00e9vus par la loi ?<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2655\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AB 2655<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> est ex\u00e9cutoire par le biais d&#039;une proc\u00e9dure acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e visant \u00e0 stopper rapidement la propagation de la d\u00e9sinformation par le biais d&#039;une injonction. Il n&#039;y a aucune responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale ou civile.<\/span>"}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_add_component","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_add_component":null},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_work","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_work":{"heading":"Work","manually_curate":false,"work":null}},{"acf_fc_layout":"layout_related_articles","_acfe_flexible_toggle":"","component_related_articles":{"heading":"Updates","button_text":"See all Related Articles","manually_curate":false,"articles":null}}]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.6 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CITED: First Amendment Notes - Common Cause California<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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